Question

State transition diagram used for operating system management of the Process Control Block has the following states

A		New (Create)– In this step, process is about to be created but not yet created, it is the program which is present in secondary memory that will be picked up by OS to create the process. Ready -> Ready to run. After creation of a process, the process enters the ready state i.e. the process is loaded into the main memory. The process here is ready to run and is waiting to get the CPU time for its execution. Processes that are ready for execution by the CPU are maintained in a queue for ready processes. Run – when the OS allows a process to compete for resource allocation. Blocked or wait – Whenever the process requests access to I/O or needs an input from user or needs access to a critical region(the lock for which is already acquired) it enters the blocked or wait state. The process continues to wait in the main memory and does not require CPU. Once the I/O operation is completed the process goes to ready state. Terminated or completed – Process is killed as well as PCB is deleted.
B		New (Create) – In this step, process is about to be created but not yet created, it is the program which is present in secondary memory that will be picked up by OS to create the process. Ready -> Ready to run. After creation of a process, the process enters the ready state i.e. the process is loaded into the main memory. The process here is ready to run and is waiting to get the CPU time for its execution. Processes that are ready for execution by the CPU are maintained in a queue for ready processes. Run – The process is chosen by CPU for execution and the instructions within the process are executed by any one of the available CPU cores. Blocked or wait – when a program has used too much of it's account balance running, it will be placed into a wait state until the bill is paid. Terminated or completed – Process is killed as well as PCB is deleted.
C		Make – sets up the memory management for the process. Ready -> Ready to run. After creation of a process, the process enters the ready state i.e. the process is loaded into the main memory. The process here is ready to run and is waiting to get the CPU time for its execution. Processes that are ready for execution by the CPU are maintained in a queue for ready processes. Run – The process is chosen by CPU for execution and the instructions within the process are executed by any one of the available CPU cores. Blocked or wait – Whenever the process requests access to I/O or needs an input from user or needs access to a critical region(the lock for which is already acquired) it enters the blocked or wait state. The process continues to wait in the main memory and does not require CPU. Once the I/O operation is completed the process goes to ready state. Terminated or completed – Process is killed as well as PCB is deleted.
D		New (Create) – In this step, process is about to be created but not yet created, it is the program which is present in secondary memory that will be picked up by OS to create the process. Ready -> Ready to run. After creation of a process, the process enters the ready state i.e. the process is loaded into the main memory. The process here is ready to run and is waiting to get the CPU time for its execution. Processes that are ready for execution by the CPU are maintained in a queue for ready processes. Run – The process is chosen by CPU for execution and the instructions within the process are executed by any one of the available CPU cores. Blocked or wait – Whenever the process requests access to I/O or needs an input from user or needs access to a critical region(the lock for which is already acquired) it enters the blocked or wait state. The process continues to wait in the main memory and does not require CPU. Once the I/O operation is completed the process goes to ready state. Terminated or completed – Process is killed as well as PCB is deleted.

Answer 1

Option D is Correct answer.

New(Create): This state reside in secondary memory. And a process is about to create.

Option A,B,D are true regarding New state.

Option C is false because there is no New state.

So eliminate option C

Ready: After creation of processes it will go to Ready state. It is resides in main memory. It maintains a queue for processes. Processes which are in ready state waits for CPU time to complete their execution.

Option A,B,D are true regarding Ready state.

Run: The process is chosen by CPU for execution and the instructions within the process are executed by any one of the available CPU cores.

Option B,D are true regarding Run state.

Option A is false because resource allocation is not the primary duty of Run state.

So eliminate option A

Blocked or Wait: A process goes to Wait state if it requires an IO operation. And this state resides in main memory. It does not require any CPU time. After completion of IO it will go to ready state.

Option D is true

Option B false by definition.

So eliminate option B.

Terminated or completed – Process is killed as well as PCB is deleted.

So option D is correct.