Question

Now that you have studied in depth the OSI model, you understand that encapsulation happens at most levels of the OSI model. In your own words, describe each step of encapsulation and how it corresponds to each level of the OSI model. Include the term of the data at each level (packet, data, frames, segments, etc.).

Answer 1

Data flow basically ocurrs b/w two devices  if they are connected in a network  which same kind of transmission medium .The application running on source device create some kind of data , this creation of data happens at application layer .

If the application need some kind of encryption to the data for some security purpose , then this occurs at Presentation layer

Now comes the Session layer , here what happens is session id is append to the data, so after appending session id to data inforamtion is one block of data.

Next come is the transport layer . In this layer it breaks the data into the blocks of data which we call as segment . Each segement get its own port number , so as to identify which upper layer applicaition needs to recieve data on destination device .

The segement generated by transport layer is then sent to Network layer . The netowrk layer take the segment which consist of port number and append it source and destination IP address . So after appending source and destination IP segment becomes Packet.

The packet generated by transport layer is transmitted to Data link layer where the data link layer add the source and MAC address and the CRC .  Adding this packet get converted to Frame.

Now at last comes in Physical layer where the frame generated is sent to some physical device where it is transmitted to some kind of signal (radio wave, electrical, or light signal). This frame is become some kind of signal which that represent zeros and one .

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