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1. a. For the following groups, indicate their predominant ionic species (draw the chemical structure) at...

1.

a. For the following groups, indicate their predominant ionic species (draw the chemical structure) at pH 7.4: a. The side chain amino group (–NH3+) of the amino acid lysine, pKa=10.5. The side chain carboxyl group (-COOH) of the amino acid glutamate, pKa=4.1.

b.For a buffer with a pKa of 8.03 ​​​​​:

  1. How will the pH and buffering capacity change when HCl is added to the buffer in “a”? How will the pH and buffering capacity change when NaOH is added to the buffer in “a”?
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