Question

the questions are based on Dissent in organizations (kassing)

1. In 2003, Colleen Rowley, Cynthia Cooper, and Sherron Watkins were designated as  _________ _________ _________ _________    for blowing the whistle on their respective organizations.
2. In her first public interview, FBI whistleblower Colleen Rowley stated that _________ to one's organization is not the most important thing. Her case demonstrates that this concept cannot be the only driving force within organizations.
3. The whistleblowing cases of Cynthia Cooper (WorldCom) and Sherron Watkins (Enron) led to major changes in _________ _________ _________    .
4. Sibel Edmonds experience as a federal whistleblower led to her creating the _________ _________ _________ _________     .
5. Sibel Edmonds case shows how simple concerns expressed as dissent to direct supervisors can grow into full blown ___________________.
6. The case of Jeffrey Wigand and the tobacco industry shows how major corporations and industries will conspire and go to great lengths to threaten and attack the _____________ of dissenters.
7. Dissent was necessary for the Traitorous Eight to pursue and pioneer _________ _________    technology, which they believed would be (and which ended up being) the future of electronics.
8. In the U.S., the _________ _________  is a public institution that has incorporated dissent. It allows judges to offer a 'dissent' on decisions reached.
9. The _________ _________ _________ _________    suggests that with growth and development organizations naturally tend to experience a move toward greater supervision and control. (Page 24)
10. From a moral standpoint, dissent in organizations is a natural extension of the basic human right to pracite _________ _________ _________    .

Answer 1

1. Persons of the year (Times 2002) - which is anyone who reports fraudulent actions within their organisations, to expose wrong-doing or illegal activities to the public (via press) or to a govering authority (Senior management, SEC, police). Colleen Rowley was an FBI Special agent who brought to her FBI director's attention gaps in preparedness for terrorist attacks (pre 9/11). Cynthia Cooper was an accountant, VP at WorldCom, who along with her team of auditors unearthed a nearly $ 4 billion accounting fraud at WorldCom. (largest such incident in US history at that time). Sherron Watkins was a VP at Enron and warned her CEO about accounting irregularities in financial statements.
2. Loyalty - organisations ask for and require loyalty from their employees, however this cannot apply in the case of noticed wrong-doing or illegal activity on the part of any employee. Any employee noticing irregularities should take up the issues with their supervisors or in the case of illegalities, the police or federal authorities.
3. corporate governance, financial accounting reporting - their work led to major reforms in SOX, corporate financial reporting. The collapse of Enron and the WorldCom scandals led to strengthening of the Sarbanes Oxley act (SOX) which looks at the accuracy and reporting of financial statements in the US for all public companies.  
4. National Security Whistleblowers coalition - an independent, non-partisan coalition of whistleblowers who have (want to) come forward to expose vulnerabilities, fraud in government and public agencies.  Edmonds was fired from her FBI job after she blew the whistle on a colleague covering up illicit activites, security breaches and suppressed intelligence that endangered national security.
5. Scandals - a simple action of expressing her dissent to her supervisors lead to more issues being made visible such as national security being compromised by colleagues who either commited espionage or were suppressing information for their organisations.
6. voice/existence - Jeffrey Wigand exposed industry trade secrets in his tobacco firm where he served as VP for R&D. It lead to a landmark nearly $370 billion settlement. His claims revealed that tobacco firms knew that cigarettes were harmful to a person's health but had suppressed this knowledge within. He was fired and as part of his severance had to sign a confidentiality agreement to ensure his silence. When he continued to talk to investigators, he received threatening phone calls, threats to his and his family's safety, targeted menacing towards his daughters.
7. cutting-edge semiconductor - the traitorous eight left the Shockley semiconductor laboratory to found Fairchild semiconductor, the early parent of firms such as Intel and AMD. Away from Shockley's authoritarian management, they soon flourished in silicon valley and became the undisputed leader of the semi-conductor market.
8. Supreme court - allows its members (judges) to voice dissent over decisions. In UK the House of Lords has allowed its members to keep track of dissent over decisions from centuries as a way to have a record of its members protests.
9. iron law of oligarchy - which says that organisations become more complex as they grown and this leads to the need for leadership, more bureaucracy, higher supervision and control as hierarchies emerge and key decisions are taken by senior managent.
10. freedom of speech - expressing dissent is an extension of being able to express an opinion or to voice opposition or dissent over any decision, action, practice.