Question

Define:

1. Ataraxia
2. Pour soi
3. Psychological or descriptive hedonism
4. Moral or normative hedonism
5. The Dogmatists

Answer 1

• Ataraxia is defined as inner peace.It is the ability to remain calm despite fear, anger, sadness, or stress. A person with strong ataraxia is the one who has mastered the emotions and can rise above the ordinary difficulties that we all encounter in life. Many people who meditate hope to achieve a state of ataraxia,which is ultimate tranquility.
• Pour soi is the term given by Sartre which means being for itself.Sartre uses pour-soi to describe human beings, who are defined by their possession of consciousness and, more specifically, by their consciousness of their own existence. Trees, rocks, and birds, for example are not  conscious of themselves or their essential completeness but human beings are.Being-for-itself is freedom; it can decide what it is and what to make itself.
• Psychological hedonism is the view that humans are psychologically constructed in such a way that we exclusively desire pleasure and avoid pain.Since people are motivated by their own notions of pleasure and pain,it indicates psychological egoism as well,in which a person is only self interested,and concerned about their pleasures and pains.
• Due to time limit,remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation