Question

Need explanation so i can write the reasearch on it

Authenticated encryption mode

GCM

1) Detail overview of the mode with details including its authors, date of publication.

2) what problems it was designed to solve

3)Also, try to find and cite one or more application protocols or cryptographic libraries in which the chosen mode has been implemented

4) Describe in detail how the mode works (use our hypothetical communicators, Alice and Bob, going through the procedures of message construction, transmission, decryption, and validation for one complete authenticated message)

5)Supplement the description with your own intuitions and analysis of how these operations work to ensure different aspects of secure communication.

6)Compare and contrast the security and efficiency of your chosen mode with the methods discussed in class for combining encryption and authentication, and with other modes. You can mention any known weaknesses of the scheme you find in the literature, with proper citations.

PLease Write in detail of the above point

Answer 1

As it is Chegg policy to answer four subquestions of a particular question. Hence, I am answering the first four questions and request you to post the rest of the questions individually. Thank you.

Detail overview of the model with details including its authors, date of publication.

• We will be talking about the AES technique in order to encrypt was being published in the year 1998 with the help of multiple people who worked as the major contributors in the project. Some of them are as follows:
  • Vincent Rijmen
  • Joan Daemen
  • Anubis
  • Grand Cru
  • Kalyna
• AES was one of the encryption techniques that was being adopted by Federal Government standards. It was made publicly available making different encryption packages is the only cipher which is publicly available and approved by NSA.

Hence, this is a short overview of the model.

What problems it was designed to solve?

• Encryption is one of the best techniques which can be used by a user so that the data gets encrypted and decrypting is not the thing which is easy and also with certain attacks it could take a lot of time to even decrypt single encryption.
• It will help in managing the integrity of the data by keeping the data consistent with the help of the encryption that takes place in the systems. It takes a lot of time and brain to break the code which most of the attackers don't like doing unless and until it is juicy enough to get them millions of bucks.

Also, try to find and cite one or more application protocols or cryptographic libraries in which the chosen mode has been implemented? Describe in detail how the model works (use our hypothetical communicators, Alice and Bob, going through the procedures of message construction, transmission, decryption, and validation for one complete authenticated message)

For, this question I have used AES the algorithm which is mostly used in the case of encryptions and can be easily made use of in the organizations. I have also tried to explain how will it help the organization for getting the security tightened with the help of encryption.

• The most basic encryption algorithm that is been used is AES(Advanced Encryption Standard). It is one of the most standard algorithms which is been trusted a lot and follows the standards that are been set by the American Standards.
• The main advantage of the algorithm is that it uses very less RAM and works very efficiently. It can be used for many variants which include 128,192,256 bits.
• In AES, there are basically 10 rounds which are been used for 128-bit keys. The same key is used for encryption as well as decryption of the data. According to the data, until now there are no attacks which are been discovered to be effective in AES.
• Hence, it remains the safest algorithm for encryption and is been used on certain devices and transmission technologies. It is mostly used for wireless connections authentication.
• While going on with the encryption one must always be sure about what is being used and what is to be encrypted. The user base is going to handle the data.
• The more important the data, more security for the data. This means that the algorithm like Triple DES etc. must be used if data is too confidential and can harm a lot of people if leaked.
• There are also certain factors to which the system relies on. Hence, the algorithm must be full proof of attacks and the security must be to the ultimate level,

For example,

• Suppose that Alice is the sender of a particular message while Bob is at the receiving end. Now, Alice uses a secret key for the encryption of her message which will make use of the session key and will generate randomly with each of the session.
• Now, Alice will encrypt the session key while making use of Bob's public key. Now, this encrypted message will be sent over to Bob. As soon as Bob receives the message he will be using the private key and decrypting the encrypted message that is sent by Alice.

Hence, this is how AES works and helps in encrypting the information that can be sent over safely to the recipient.

I have made use of the information from multiple resources in order to write down all the useful points from multiple sources so that you will be benefitted from it and none of the hardships will be followed. So the resources that I have made use of are as follows:

• Applied Cryptography by Bruce Schneier
• Cryptography Engineering: Design Principles and Practical Applications by Bruce Schneier, Niels Ferguson, and Tadayoshi Kohno

Hence, these are all the resources that were being made use of while writing the answer.