Use data given below to calculate ΔrS∘ΔrS∘ for each of the
reactions.
Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25
∘C∘C
| Substance | ΔrS∘ΔrS∘, JK−1mol−1JK−1mol−1 |
| Cr(s)Cr(s) | 23.8 |
| Cr2O3Cr2O3(s)(s) | 81.2 |
| CO(g)CO(g) | 197.7 |
| CO2(g)CO2(g) | 213.8 |
| H2(g)H2(g) | 130.7 |
| H2O(g)H2O(g) | 188.8 |
| H2O(l)H2O(l) | 70.0 |
| HNO3(aq)HNO3(aq) | 146.0 |
| N2(g)N2(g) | 191.6 |
| N2O4(g)N2O4(g) | 304.4 |
| NO(g)NO(g) | 210.8 |
| NO2(g)NO2(g) | 240.1 |
| O2(g)O2(g) | 205.2 |
| SO2(g)SO2(g) | 248.2 |
| SO3(g)SO3(g) | 256.8 |
A)
4NO2(g)+2H2O(l)+O2(g)→4HNO3(aq)
B)
Cr2O3Cr2O3(s)(s) +3CO(g)→2Cr(s)+3CO2(g)
C)
SO2(g)SO2(g) +12O2(g)→SO3(g)
D)
N2O4(g)+4H2(g)→N2(g)+4H2O(g)
Use data given below to calculate ΔrS∘ΔrS∘ for each of the reactions. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for...
Use standard enthalpies of formation (in Appendix G in text) to calculate ∆H°rxn for each reaction. ∑ m∆H°f (products) - ∑n∆H°f (reactants), where m and n are coefficients. C2H4(g) + H2(g) ----- > C2H6(g) CO (g) + H2O (g) ----- > H2(g) + CO2(g) 3NO2(g) + H2O (l) ----- > 2HNO3(aq) + NO (g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) -----------> 2SO3(g) 2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) -----------> 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g) Substance --- ΔH° (kJ mol–) --- ΔG° (kJ mol–1) --- S°298 (J K–1 mol–1) C2H4 52.4 86.4 219.3 H2 0 0 130.7 C2H6 -84.0 -32.0 229.2 CO -110.52 -137.15 197.7 H2O -285.83 -237.1 70.0 CO2 -393.51 -394.36 213.8 NO2 33.2 51.30 240.1 NO 90.25 87.6 210.8 SO2 -296.83 -300.1 248.2 O2 0 0 205.2 SO3 -395.72 -371.06 256.76
Use data from the table below to calculate the equilibrium constants at 25∘C for each reaction. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25∘C Substance ΔH∘f(kJ/mol) ΔG∘f(kJ/mol) S∘(J/mol⋅K) H2(g) 0 0 130.7 N2(g) 0 0 191.6 O2(g) 0 0 205.2 NO(g) 91.3 87.6 210.8 NO2(g) 33.2 51.3 240.1 CO(g) -110.5 -137.2 197.7 CO2(g) -393.5 -394.4 213.8 H2S(g) -20.6 -33.4 205.8 S2(g) 128.6 79.7 228.2 1. N2(g)+O2(g)⇌2NO(g)
Thermodynamic Data at 25 C Substance CH4 (B) (kJmol AHof 74.6 -110.5 AGof 50.5 -137.2 S (Jmol 'K) 186.3 CO (B Cl2 (g) Cu (s) 197.7 223.1 33.2 42.6 Cuo (s) 157.3 -129.7 202.8 -92.3 -273.3 285.8 241.8 -173.23 -20.6 -95.3 -275.4 -237.1 -228.6 -79.9 33.4 186.9 173.8 70.0 188.8 155.6 205.8 HF H20 (9) HNO3 (1) 91.3 33.2 81.6 45.9 87.6 51.3 103.7 -16.4 191.6 210.8 240.1 220.0 192.8 NO2 (8) NH3 02 205.2 42.6 140.9 AgNO3 (s) 124.4...
Using Thermodynamic Data (∆Hf), calculate the enthalpy change (∆Hrxn) for the following reactions: Fe2O3 (s) + H2 (g) → Fe (s) + H2O (l) N2H3CH3 (l) + N2O4 (l) → H2O (g) + N2 (g) + CO2 (g) C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
At constant pressure for which of the reactions shown below should ΔH° be greater than ΔE° ? I. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) II. C23H48(g) + 35 O2(g) → 23 CO2(g) + 24 H2O(l) III. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g) IV. N2O4(g) → 2 NO2(g)
Thermodynamic properties of pure
substances
Standard thermodynamic quantities for selected substances at 25
°
C listed alphabetically by most important atom.
substance
Δ
Hf
°
(kJ/mol)
Δ
Gf
°
(kJ/mol)
S
°
(J/mol∙K)
Aluminum
Al3+ (aq)
---
-485.0
---
Al (s)
0
0
28.3
Al2O3 (s)
-1675.7
-1582.3
50.9
Al(OH)3 (s)
---
-1147.25
---
Bromine
Br− (aq)
---
-104.0
---
Br2 (l)
0
0
152.2
Br2 (g)
30.9
3.1
245.5
HBr (g)
-36.3
-53.4
198.7
Calcium
Ca2+ (aq)
---
-553.6...
Which of the following reactions is an oxidation-reduction reaction? A) NH4HS(s) → NH3(g) + H2S(g) B) 2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g) C) N2O4(g) → 2 NO2(g) D) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) E) 2 HC2H3O2(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate ΔS∘rxn for each of the reactions given. A. 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)→2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) B. Cr2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Cr(s)+3CO2(g) C. SO2(g)+12O2(g)→SO3(g) D. N2O4(g)+4H2(g)→N2(g)+4H2O(g)
Use standard thermodynamic data (in the Chemistry References) to calculate AG at 298.15 K for the following reaction, assuming that all gases have a pressure of 10.88 mm Hg. 2NO(g) + O2(g)—>2NO2(g) AG= kJ/mol Nitrogen AHºf (kJ/mol) AG°f (kJ/mol) sº (J/mol K) N2(g) 191.6 N(9) 472.7 455.6 153.3 NH3(9) -46.1 -16.5 192.5 NH3(aq) -80.0 -27.0 111.0 NH4+ (aq) -132.0 -79.0 113.0 NO(9) 90.3 86.6 210.8 NOCI(g) 51.7 66.1 261.8 NO2(9) 33.2 240.1 51.3 104.2 N2O(9) 82.1 219.9 N204(9) 9.2 97.9...
Below is a set of redox reactions. Assign oxidation numbers below each atom. Also determine the substance that is reduced, the substance that is oxidized, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. (Note: Don’t worry about the stoichiometric coefficients; they don’t affect your calculation of oxidation states.) Atom/s that is/are reduced: Atom/s that is/are oxidized: Reducing agent: Oxidizing agent: Reactions Given: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 2...