During diabetic ketoacidosis the pH of blood decreases. How does the body respond and why? (has to do with the CO2- carbonic acid- bicarb buffer system)
Complicated mechanism involving lungs, kidneys and bicarbonate buffering system in blood working in synergy to keep the delicate balance of pH of blood (ECF)between 7.35 -7.45. During metabolism inside the body produce Hydrogen ions continuously tend to reduce the pH in blood level which is prevented by bicarbonate (ECF) in blood that reacts with hydrogen ions (H+) and forms carbonic acid
H+ + HCO3- ---------> H2CO3
(bicarbonate) ( Carbonic acid)
Then it is converted into CO2 and water.
H2CO3 -----------> CO2 and H2
CO2 is removed from the body by expiration through lungs and kidneys regenerate bicarbonate.
By this balancing act, the production of Hydrogen ions is being converted into Carbonic acid then CO2 and water thus maintaining the pH of blood constant.
During diabetic ketoacidosis the production of ketoacids will be high and thus collapsing this buffering system.
Both acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxy butyric acid are strong keto acids and dissociate fully in physiological pH.This results in higher concentration of H+ ions and regeneration of bicarbonate from the kidneys cannot match the pace of production of Hydrogen ions to buffer the same.
CH3 CO CH2 COOH ----------------> CH3 CO CH2 COO- + H+
Aceto acetic acid Aceto acetate
CH3 CH (OH) CH2COOH ------------> CH3 CH(OH)CH2 COO - + H+
Beta- Hydroxy butyric acid Beta- Hydroxy butyrate
Due to increase in H+ ions and failure of bicarbonate to make buffering mechanism due to less regeneration of bicarbonate causes the pH of blood falls below optimum level. Patients suffer from metabolic acidosis with reduced pH in blood and less concentration of bicarbonate observed in blood gas analysis.
In more acute cases of DKA the pH of blood falls below 7.00 and bicarbonate 10mmol/L ( Normal range (22-28mmol/L)
Maintaining normal pH in blood is essential for life and the body responds in such a way to bring back the normal pH value in blood that changed due to acid -base imbalance. Before understanding the compensatory mechanism of body we must look into the relationship between concentration of bicarbonate and carbon di oxide that defines pH
pH directly proportional to [HCO3] / pCO2 where pH is directly proportional to the concentration of bicarbonate and partial pressure of CO2. In severe DKA conditions the concentration of bicarbonate is greatly reduced and effectively stopping buffering system resulting in pH of blood falls.
In the same way, if pCO2 is reduced by removal of the same from the body by exasperation through lungs then the pH of blood will be back to normal level. Concentration of CO2 can be reduced by lungs through respiration. This deep and rapid sighing respiration observed in patients suffering from severe DKA called Kussmaul's respiration. This is a compensatory mechanism by body in response to lowering of pH in blood. This mechanism helps the patient gets back to near normal pH level of blood. But we cannot say that this can aid complete recovery of normal pH level in blood.
During diabetic ketoacidosis the pH of blood decreases. How does the body respond and why? (has...
2. Blood is buffered using a bicarbonate system primarily to accommodate the formation of CO2 in the tissues. The overall pK for the reaction below is 6.35: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 During acidosis, treatment can consist of IV administration of NaHC03. If the pH of blood is typically 7.4, and the total concentration of carbonic acid/ bicarb is 0.05M, what is the concentration of conjugate base and acid in blood?
8. The normal pH of human blood is about 7.4. The carbonate buffer system in the blood uses the following reaction: CO2(+ 2H2O() H2CO3(aq) HCO3(aq) + H:04) The concentration of carbonic acid, H2CO3, is approximately 0.0012M and the concentration of the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3 is around 0.024M. Calculate the pH of blood
Explain the role of buffers in the control of blood pH Question In the digestive process, acids are introduced to the blood more than bases. The bicarbonate buffer system acts to neutralize pH changes in the blood. The respiratory system is involved in the process to help maintain the levels of carbonic acid in the blood. What compound is exhaled in order to reduce the carbonic acid concentration in the blood? Give the answer as a chemical formula. Do not...
3. The human body has devised an excellent method to keep the body pH under control. a. What principle underlies the constant pH of human blood, and how does the blood achieve this? (1 point) b. Use Le Châtelier’s principle to explain how the human body is protected against low pH after excessive exercise. (1 point) c. Use the concept of the equilibrium constant to explain why neutrality in the blood depends on the concentrations of [H+] and [OH-] rather...
Explain the role of buffers in the control of blood pH Question In the digestive process, acids are introduced to the blood more than bases. The bicarbonate buffer system acts to neutralize pH changes in the blood. The respiratory system is involved in the process to help maintain the levels of carbonic acid in the blood. What compound is exhaled in order to reduce the carbonic acid concentration in the blood? • Give the answer as a chemical formula, ....
The molar concentrations of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood is maintained at an approximate 20:1 ratio under normal physiological conditions. Explain how this enables the body to resist changes to blood pH. (100 words)
The molar concentrations of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood is maintained at an approximate 20:1 ratio under normal physiological conditions. Explain how this enables the body to resist changes to blood pH. (100 words)
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