Question

I need help implementing 3 function prototypes with using operator overloading in a class. I have bolded the section I need help with since the cpp file is bigger than I expected. Any comments throughout would be extremely helpful.

Time.cpp file

#include "Time.h"

#include

#include

#include

// The class name is Time. This defines a class for keeping time in hours,

minutes, and AM/PM indicator.

// You should create 3 private member variables for this class. An integer

variable for the hours,

// an integer variable for the minutes, and a char variable for the AM/PM

indicator. The hours variable

// must use dynamic memory allocation. The hours range from 1 to 12, the

minutes range from 0 to 59,

// and the AM / PM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'.

// Create a default constructor that will initialize the time of an object

to 12:00 AM.

// Use the initializer list for at least one of the variables.

Time::Time() : minutes(0), AM_PM('A')

{

hours = new int;

*hours = 12;

}

// Create a constructor with 3 input parameters. The input parameters are

an int for the

// hours, an int for the minutes, and a char for the AM indicator. The

input paramters must be

// boundary checked. The hours range from 1 to 12. If the input is out of

range then default

// to 12. The minutes are from 0 to 59. If the minutes are out of range

then default to 0.

// The AM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'. If the AM indicator is out of

range then default to 'A'.

// You should use the setTime() public function for this constructor.

Time::Time(int h, int m, char AP)

{

hours = new int;

setTime(h, m, AP);

}

// Copy constructor implementation

// The copy constructor must use the initializer list for at least one

member variable

// The copy constructor will copy the values of all member functions from

the input

// object without creating any shallow copies

Time::Time(const Time &org) : minutes(org.minutes), AM_PM(org.AM_PM)

{

hours = new int;

*hours = *org.hours;

}

// Implement the destructor for this class

Time::~Time()

{

delete hours;

}

// Implement the getHours() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns an int as the hours of the object.

int Time::getHours() const

{

return *hours;

}

// Implement the getMinutes() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns an int as the minutes of the object.

int Time::getMinutes() const

{

return minutes;

}

// Implement the getAMPM() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns a char as the AM or PM of the object.

char Time::getAMPM() const

{

return AM_PM;

}

// Implement the set() private member function.

// This function has 3 input input parameters.

// This function returns a void.

// The input parameters are an int for the

// hours, an int for the minutes, and a char for the AM indicator. The

input paramters must be

// boundary checked. The hours range from 1 to 12. If the input is out of

range then default

// to 12. The minutes are from 0 to 59. If the minutes are out of range

then default to 0.

// The AM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'. If the AM indicator is out of

range then default to 'A'.

void Time::setTime(int h, int m, char AP)

{

if (h >= 1 && h <= 12)

{

*hours = h;

}

else

{

*hours = 12;

}

if (m >= 0 && m <= 59)

{

minutes = m;

}

else

{

minutes = 0;

}

if (AP == 'A' || AP == 'P')

{

AM_PM = AP;

}

else

{

AM_PM = 'A';

}

}

// Implement the assignment overloaded operator member function for the

Time class. Ensure no

// shallow copies are made. Check for self-assignment. After the

assignment, the lefthand side

// object should contain the same values as the righthand side object.

Ensure the return value

// is correct.

{

}

// Implement an overloaded operator function that implements the equality

(==)

// operator. This function is a member function of the Time class. The

input parameter

// will be a Time object and declared as a const reference variable. This

member function

// will be declared as a const member function. This function will compare

// two Time objects. If the hours, minutes and AM/PM are the same between

the two

// objects then return an integer 1, otherwise return an integer 0.

{

}

// Implement an overloaded operator function that implements the addition

(+)

// operator. This function is a non-member and non-friend function. This

function will have two

// input parameters. The first input parameter is a const reference

variable of type Time.

// The second input parameters is an integer value.

// The second input parameter will represent minutes to add to the Time

// object (the first input parameter). The second input parameter will

range from 0 to 59.

// If the second input parameter is out of range then default it to 0.

// This function will return by value a Time object with the appropriate

minutes added.

{

}

// Implement the friend function getTimeString().

// The getTimeString() has 2 input input parameters.

// The first input paramenter is a const reference variable of type Time.

// The second input paramenter is a reference variable of type

std::ostream

// This function returns a std::string type.

// This function will return the time of the first input paramenter object

// in string format as follows: hours:minutes AM

// There must be a leading zero for hours and minutes if there is a single

digit.

// Example 5 hours, 23 minutes and PM will be formatted as follows "05:23

PM"

// Example 4 hours, 4 minutes and AM will be formatted as follows "04:04

PM"

std::string getTimeString(const Time & t, std::ostream & out)

{

std::string st;

st = (*(t.hours) < 10 ? "0" : "") + std::to_string(*(t.hours)) + ":"

+ (t.minutes < 10 ? "0" : "") + std::to_string(t.minutes) + " " + t.AM_PM

+ "M";

return st;

}

// The non-member (and non-friend) function countZeros() has 4 input

parameters.

// The first input parameter h is an integer and represents the hours for

the time.

// The second input parameter m is an integer and represents the minutes

for the time.

// The third input parameter AP is a char and represents the AM or PM

(either 'A' or 'P').

// The fourth input parameter zeroCount is an integer reference variable.

// The function countZeros should create a Time object using the first 3

input parameters.

// Then the function countZeros will use the getTimeString function to get

the character

// string of the time that was created. Then the function countZeros will

count the number

// of '0' (zero) characters that are in the character string. The count is

saved in the

// reference variable zeroCount. The countZeros function prototype will be

placed in the

// Time.h file and is a non-member function and is not a friend function.

void countZeros(int h, int m, char AP, int & zeroCount)

{

zeroCount = 0; // initialize zeroCount

Time t(h, m, AP); // create the Time object

std::string str = getTimeString(t, std::cout);

for (unsigned i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

{

if (str[i] == '0')

{

zeroCount++;

}

}

}

Time.h file

#ifndef TIME_H

#define TIME_H

#include

#include

// the Time type

class Time

{

public:

// Constructors

Time();

Time(int hours, int minutes, char AM_PM);

Time(const Time &org); // copy constructor

// Destructor

~Time();

// accessors

int getHours() const;

int getMinutes() const;

char getAMPM() const;

friend std::string getTimeString(const Time & t, std::ostream &out);

// mutators

void setTime(int hours, int minutes, char AM_PM);

// overloaded operators member functions go here

private:

// member variables

int *hours;

int minutes;

char AM_PM;

};

void countZeros(int h, int m, char AP, int & zeroCount);

// non-member operator overloads go here

#endif

Answer 1

// Time.h

#ifndef TIME_H

#define TIME_H

#include <string>

#include <iostream>

// the Time type

class Time

{

public:

               // Constructors

               Time();

               Time(int hours, int minutes, char AM_PM);

               Time(const Time &org);

               // Destructor

               ~Time();

               // accessors

               int getHours() const;

               int getMinutes() const;

               char getAMPM() const;

               // mutators

               void setTime(int hours, int minutes, char AM_PM);

               friend std::string getTimeString(const Time &time);

               Time& operator=(const Time &other);

               int operator==(const Time &other);

private:

               // member variables

               int *hours;

               int minutes;

               char AM_PM;

};

void countZeros(int h, int m, char AP,int &zeroCount);

Time operator+(const Time &other, int minutes);

#endif

//end of Time.h

// Time.cpp

#include "Time.h"

#include <new>

#include <string>

#include <iostream>

// The class name is Time. This defines a class for keeping time in hours, minutes, and AM/PM indicator.

// You should create 3 private member variables for this class. An integer variable for the hours,

// an integer variable for the minutes, and a char variable for the AM/PM indicator. The hours variable

// must use dynamic memory allocation. The hours range from 1 to 12, the minutes range from 0 to 59,

// and the AM / PM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'.

// Create a default constructor that will initialize the time of an object to 12:00 AM.

// Use the initializer list for at least one of the variables.

Time::Time() : minutes(0), AM_PM('A')

{

   hours = new int;

   *hours = 12;

}

// Create a constructor with 3 input parameters. The input parameters are an int for the

// hours, an int for the minutes, and a char for the AM indicator. The input paramters must be

// boundary checked. The hours range from 1 to 12. If the input is out of range then default

// to 12. The minutes are from 0 to 59. If the minutes are out of range then default to 0.

// The AM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'. If the AM indicator is out of range then default to 'A'.

// You should use the setTime() public function for this constructor.

Time::Time(int h, int m, char AP)

{

   hours = new int;

   setTime(h,m,AP);

}

// Copy constructor implementation

// The copy constructor must use the initializer list for at least one member variable

// The copy constructor will copy the values of all member functions from the input

// object without creating any shallow copies

Time::Time(const Time &org) : minutes(org.minutes), AM_PM(org.AM_PM)

{

               hours = new int;

               *hours = *(org.hours);

}

// Implement the destructor for this class

Time::~Time()

{

   delete hours;

}

// Implement the getHours() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns an int as the hours of the object.

int Time::getHours() const

{

   return *hours;

}

// Implement the getMinutes() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns an int as the minutes of the object.

int Time::getMinutes() const

{

   return minutes;

}

// Implement the getAMPM() public member function.

// This function has no input parameters.

// This function is a const function.

// This function returns a char as the AM or PM of the object.

char Time::getAMPM() const

{

   return AM_PM;

}

// Implement the set() private member function.

// This function has 3 input input parameters.

// This function returns a void.

// The input parameters are an int for the

// hours, an int for the minutes, and a char for the AM indicator. The input paramters must be

// boundary checked. The hours range from 1 to 12. If the input is out of range then default

// to 12. The minutes are from 0 to 59. If the minutes are out of range then default to 0.

// The AM indicator is either 'A' or 'P'. If the AM indicator is out of range then default to 'A'.

void Time::setTime(int h, int m, char AP)

{

               if (h >= 1 && h <= 12)

                  {

                      *hours = h;

                  }

                  else

                  {

                      *hours = 12;

                  }

                  if (m >= 0 && m <= 59)

                  {

                      minutes = m;

                  }

                  else

                  {

                      minutes = 0;

                  }

                  if (AP == 'A' || AP == 'P')

                  {

                      AM_PM = AP;

                  }

                  else

                  {

                      AM_PM = 'A';

                  }

}

// Implement the assignment overloaded operator member function for the

//Time class. Ensure no

// shallow copies are made. Check for self-assignment. After the

//assignment, the lefthand side

// object should contain the same values as the righthand side object.

//Ensure the return value

// is correct.

Time& Time:: operator=(const Time &other)

{

               if(this != &other) // check if self-assignment

               {

                              this->minutes = other.minutes;

                              this->AM_PM = AM_PM;

                              *(this->hours) = *(other.hours);

               }

               return *this;

}

// Implement an overloaded operator function that implements the equality

//(==)

// operator. This function is a member function of the Time class. The

//input parameter

// will be a Time object and declared as a const reference variable. This

//member function

// will be declared as a const member function. This function will compare

// two Time objects. If the hours, minutes and AM/PM are the same between

//the two

// objects then return an integer 1, otherwise return an integer 0.

int Time::operator==(const Time &other)

{

               // check if hours, minutes and AP are same or not

               if((*hours == *(other.hours)) && (minutes == other.minutes ) && (AM_PM == other.AM_PM))

                              return 1;

               return 0;

}

// Implement an overloaded operator function that implements the addition(+)

// operator. This function is a non-member and non-friend function. This

//function will have two

// input parameters. The first input parameter is a const reference

//variable of type Time.

// The second input parameters is an integer value.

// The second input parameter will represent minutes to add to the Time

// object (the first input parameter). The second input parameter will

//range from 0 to 59.

// If the second input parameter is out of range then default it to 0.

// This function will return by value a Time object with the appropriate

//minutes added.

Time operator+(const Time &other, int add_minutes)

{

               // check the range of add_minutes

               if(add_minutes < 0 || add_minutes >59)

                              add_minutes = 0;

               // get the hours, minutes and AP from other object

               int hours = other.getHours();

               int minutes = other.getMinutes();

               char AP = other.getAMPM();

               minutes += add_minutes; // add the minutes to other minutes

               if(minutes > 59) // if minutes is greater than 59

               {

                              hours += 1; // add 1 to hour

                              minutes = minutes%60; // get the minutes left after adding 1 to hour

                              if(hours == 12) // if hour is 12, change AM to PM, or PM to AM

                              {

                                             if(AP == 'A')

                                                            AP = 'P';

                                             else

                                                            AP = 'A';

                              }else if(hours > 12)

hours -= 12;

               }

               Time new_time(hours,minutes,AP); // create new object

               return new_time; // return the new time

}

// Implement the friend function getTimeString().

// The getTimeString() has 1 input parameter.

// The first input paramenter is a const reference variable of type Time.

// This function returns a std::string type.

// This function will return the time of the first input paramenter object

// in string format as follows: hours:minutes AM

// You cannot use the getHours(), getMinutes(), or getAMPM() member functions for this function.

// There must be a leading zero for hours and minutes if there is a single digit.

// Example 5 hours, 23 minutes and PM will be formatted as follows "05:23 PM"

// Example 4 hours, 4 minutes and AM will be formatted as follows "04:04 AM"

std::string getTimeString(const Time &time)

{

               std::string timeString = "";

               if(*(time.hours) < 10) // check if hours < 0, then prepend a 0

                              timeString += '0';

               timeString += std::to_string(*(time.hours)) + ":"; // to_string(int) converts integer value to string

               if(time.minutes < 10) // check if minutes < 0, then prepend a 0

                              timeString += '0';

               timeString += std::to_string(time.minutes) + " "+time.AM_PM+"M";

               return timeString;

}

// The non-member (and non-friend) function countZeros() has 4 input parameters.

// The first input parameter h is an integer and represents the hours for the time.

// The second input parameter m is an integer and represents the minutes for the time.

// The third input parameter AP is a char and represents the AM or PM (either 'A' or 'P').

// The fourth input parameter zeroCount is an integer reference variable.

// The function countZeros should create a Time object using the first 3 input parameters.

// Then the function countZeros will use the getTimeString function to get the character

// string of the time that was created. Then the function countZeros will count the number

// of '0' (zero) characters that are in the character string. The count is saved in the

// reference variable zeroCount. The countZeros function prototype will be placed in the

// Time.h file and is a non-member function and is not a friend function.

void countZeros(int h, int m, char AP,int &zeroCount)

{

               Time t(h,m,AP);

               std::string timeString = getTimeString(t); // get the time string

               // loop over the string

               for(size_t i=0;i<timeString.length();i++)

               {

                              if(timeString.at(i) == '0') // if the char at ith index is 0, increment zeroCount

                                             zeroCount++;

               }

}

//end of Time.cpp

//C++ program to test the Time class

#include "Time.h"

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

               Time t1, t2(11,23,'P'),t3(t2),t4(4,4,'A');

               cout<<"Time 1 : "<<getTimeString(t1)<<endl;

               cout<<"Time 2 : "<<getTimeString(t2)<<endl;

               cout<<"Time 3 : "<<getTimeString(t3)<<endl;

               cout<<"Time 4 : "<<getTimeString(t4)<<endl;

               t1 = t4;

               cout<<"Updated Time 1 "<<getTimeString(t1)<<endl;

               if((t1 == t4))

                              cout<<"Time 1 and Time 4 are same"<<endl;

               else

                              cout<<"Time 1 and Time 4 are not same"<<endl;

               Time new_time = t2 + 59;

               cout<<"New Time : "<<getTimeString(new_time)<<endl;

               return 0;

}

//end of program

Output: