Question

1. For this discussion, compare and contrast two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, including the protocols that run on each layer. 2. What was the reason that IPv6 was introduced? Why do you think many organizations are not upgrading their network solely to IPv6 and run that protocol instead of running IPv4? 3. What is the purpose of subnetting when using IPv4 addressing? What role does subnet mask play in subnetting of IPv4?

Answer 1

(1)(i) Network Layer
The network layer defines the network address.The Internet Protocol (IP), define network addresses in a way that route selection can be determined systematically by comparing the source network address with the destination network address and applying the subnet mask. Because this layer defines the logical network layout, routers can use this layer to determine how to forward packets.

(ii)Transport Layer
The transport layer accepts data from the session layer and segments the data for transport across the network.The transport layer is responsible for making sure that the data is delivered error-free and in the proper sequence. Flow control occurs at the transport layer.
The transport protocols used on the Internet are TCP and UDP.

(2)IPv6 allows more unique TCP/IP address identifiers to be created, now that we’ve run out of the 4.3 billion created with IPv4. This is the main reasons why IPv6 is introduced. The internet is made up of millions of routers and switches. Those were initially designed to work with IPv4. Replacing or upgrading them takes time and budget.This means this transition even takes more time and money.

(3)The main purpose of subnetting is to help relieve network congestion.It divide network into subnets to decrease collision domain.The role of subnet mask is to identify network address of an IP address by perfoming a bitwise AND operation on the netmask. A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network address and host address