Question

Research data representation in modern computer systems. Based on your research, answer the following (400-600 words):

• Discuss the difference in machine code, assembly code, and high-level languages.
• Describe the steps in compiling a C-program.

Answer 1

Difference among machine code, assembly code, and high-level languages.

Machine Code :

1. Machine Code are command code that directly run by machine processing unit.

2. It is on 0's and 1's binary data.

3. It is run without translation by computer.

4. It is machine dependent.

5. It is combination of Operation code(instruction set code ) and operands ( where to save data or read from )

6. It is difficult to write directly and it prone to errors.

6. Ex binary syntax

Assembly Code:

1. In assembly language programs written for one processor will not run on another type of processor

2. It depend on processor instruction set in alphanumeric codes

3. It is faster and than high level

4. It can better optimize

5. Performance and accuracy of assembly language code are better than a high-level

6. Code of assembly language is difficult to understand and debug than a high-level

7. Working with bits is easier in assembly language

8. Need assembler to convert into machine code, computer cannot understand assembly language directly.

9. ex Arm

High Level Language:

1. Machine dependent language

2. User friendly

3. High-level language programmer does not need to know details about hardware

4. It needs compiler to translate into machine code

5. The executable code of high-level language is larger than assembly language code so it takes a longer time to execute.

6. Due to long executable code, high-level programs are less efficient than assembly language programs.

7. ex C, C#

Steps to compiling C program:

1. Write a C code in main.C file.

ex code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

printf("Hello");

return 0;

}

2. it  must pass through the preprocessor first step.

3. in above step code is reformatted (remove comments from code) to prepare for next step and output extension is xxx.i

4. Next step is compiler, it takes preprocessor output (xxx.i file) and generate assembly instruction with extension xxx.s

5. Next Assembler take xxx.s file and convert it into machine code with extension xxx.o

6. Next Linker rearrange and fill in missing pieces of our program which is out of order.

7. Then the final xxx.o is the executable file after patch up code by linker to make successfully call function.