Question

1. A psychologist wants to know if confidence increases in the early adulthood years for those who have completed college. He collects data from a large sample of college graduating seniors aged 22 and assesses their level of confidence (through the use of a survey with 10 items thank rank anxiety on a scale from 1 to 10). Then, he follows up with the same participants 5 years later to collect data on their confidence (using the same survey). Research question: Does confidence change for college graduates in early adulthood? (2 points total: .5 for variable name, .5 for variable type, 1 for test)

Dependent variable: Confidence level

Variable type: Ordinal

Test: Independent means t test

2. A principal in an elementary school wants to know if having a morning recess each day produces higher math achievement. She engages a researcher to assess the potential benefit of implementing a mandatory morning recess. They designate one class in the school as the “morning recess” group and another class as the “no morning recess” group. The researcher assesses their performance on a test of math achievement after a whole semester. Research question: Does the research group perform differently from the no-recess group? (2 points total: .5 for variable name, .5 for variable type, 1 for test)

Dependent variable: Math achievement

Variable type:

Test:

3. A sample of 5,000 people were asked if they do their best work early in the morning or in the evening. The response of “morning” was selected by 3572 people, and the response of evening was selected by 1428. Research question: Do people report that they do their best work in the morning or in the evening? (2 points total: .5 for variable name, .5 for variable type, 1 for test)

Dependent variable:

Variable type:

Test:

Answer 1

a)

Dependent variable: level of confidence

Variable type: ordinal

Test: paired t-test as same participants were used 5 years later

b)

Dependent variable: test score

Variable type: ratio

Test: independent sample t-test

c)

Dependent variable: if they do their best work early in the morning or in the evening

Variable type: categorical

Test: 1-sample proportion test