Question

1. The following is true regarding latent learning

A. It demonstrates that operant conditioning can occur without any obvious reinforcement of the operant response
B. It demonstrates that motivation is important for an operant response to be expressed.
C. It refers to the operant conditioning procedure where there is a positive relation between performance of the operant and an appetitive stimulus
D. A & B

2. According to the two-factor theory of avoidance

A. Pavlovian fear conditioning occurs to the signal (CS+)
B. Animals learn to escape the fearful stimulus (CS+)
C. Escape from the fearful stimulus reinforces operant conditioning
D. All the above

3. According to cognitive theory of avoidance, avoidance responding is maintained because

A. No response →shock expectation is repeatedly confirmed
B. No response → shock expectation is repeatedly disconfirmed
C. Response → no shock expectation is repeatedly disconfirmed
D. Response → no shock expectation is repeatedly confirmed

Answer 1

1. The correct answer is Option D. Both A and B apply.

2. The correct answer is Option C. Escape from the fearful stimulus reinforces operant conditioning.

3. The correct answer is Option D. Response → no shock expectation is repeatedly confirmed.