Question

1. Which of the following gives the most accurate picture of utilitarianism?

   A		Utilitarianism derives a set of formal rules from the abstract concept of utility, or usefulness, and then demands everyone follow these rules, regardless of the overall effect on society.
   B		Utilitarianism is based on the idea that everyone should seek their own individual pleasure without worrying about the effects on anyone else.
   C		In utilitarianism, what is and is not useful is determined by the leaders of society, who then force everyone else to make themselves useful to society.
   D		Utilitarianism holds that the best action in any given situation is the one most likely to give the most overall benefit to society as a whole.

2. What does rights Theory say about positive rights?

   A		Rights Theory explicitly says that rich people have a positive right to even more wealth and power merely because they are already rich.
   B		Rights Theory says that people in desperate need have a right to demand help from the rest of society, but apart from that, positive rights do not exist.
   C		Rights Theory says that positive rights may be created by contracts freely entered into, but apart from that positive rights do not exist.
   D		Rights Theory says that, apart from the negative right to be left alone, everyone also has a positive right to be taken care of by the rest of society.

3. If we say that God commands things because those things actually are moral, what does that imply about the divine command Theory (DCT)?

   A		It implies that the Divine command theory is actually correct, because if there was no God, nothing would be right or wrong.
   B		It implies that the Divine command theory is actually wrong, because it implies that these things would still be moral even if God did not command them.
   C		It implies that the Divine command theory is actually correct, because the claim that God only commands things because they are moral logically implies the further claim that things are only moral because god commands them.
   D		It implies that The Divine command theory is actually correct because, although those things would still be moral even if God did not command them, the fact that God adds his commands makes them moral commands, rather than simply moral imperatives.

Answer 1

Answer 1 - Utilitarianism holds that the best action in any given situation is the one most likely to give the most overall benefit to society as a whole.

Explanation :-

Utilitarians receive that the sole component in identifying an activity's profound great is the parity of social exceptional versus social fiendishness. Requests to moral instincts, social conventions, or God's desires are not important. Utilitarianism has a protracted history, however the most well known renditions of the speculation developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth loads of years, especially in the gluttonous utilitarianism endorsed by means of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Gratification includes pleasure chasing, and epicurean utilitarians contend that profound great is resolved through how much pleasure or suffering is brought from a game-plan.

Answer 2 - Rights Theory says that, apart from the negative right to be left alone, everyone also has a positive right to be taken care of by the rest of society.

Explanation :-

A privilege is a correlative of a rights, so within the occasion that one has an option to some thing it means that it isn't proper or unlawful for others to refute that privilege or to not supply a few advantage. Conversely, a negative proper is a commitment by means of others to abstain from nullifying some sports and homes of the rights holders. The choice to rehearse one's faith is a negative right, given that this means it isn't right or illegal for others to prevent such practice. A positive proper obliges others to present benefits, whilst a negative proper simply obliges others to abstain from meddling with somebody's freedom

Answer 3 - Option C - It implies that the Divine command theory is actually correct, because the claim that God only commands things because they are moral logically implies the further claim that things are only moral because god commands them.

Explanation :-

A protector of Divine Command Theory might also react that an interest is ethically right since God orders it. Nonetheless, the ramifications of this reaction is that at the off risk that God directed that we dispense languishing on others over enjoyment, at that factor doing so would be ethically right. We might be devoted to do as such, in light of the reality that God commanded it. The view that things are devout in light of the fact that the divine beings love them does n ... ethical hypotheses at the off danger that they suggest that God's will/orders is/are self-assertive.