A dimeric enzyme, glucokinase, has a binding site for glucose in each subunit. The KD for...
A dimeric enzyme, glucokinase, has a binding site for glucose in each subunit. The KD for the fi rst binding event is 1 mM and the KD for the second event is 10 μM.
a. What is the Hill coefficient?
b. Is this protein positively or negatively cooperative with respect to glucose binding
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A dimeric enzyme, glucokinase, has a binding site for glucose in
each subunit. The KD for...
1. A transporter protein has two conformations, A and B. Binding site for Slug is open...
1. A transporter protein has two conformations, A and B. Binding site for Slug is open inside the cell for conformation A, while it is open outside the cell for conformation B. i) Which conformation should have the lowest Kd for Slug, A or B? ii) Explain why the Kd for Slug cannot be the same in conformations A and B in order for efficient transport to occur. 2. Imagine another protein that couples transport of Slug to the energetically...
The effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme was examined. At its active site,...
The effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme was examined. At its active site, the enzyme has an Ionizable group that must be positively charged for substrate binding and catalysis to take place. The Ionizable group has a pk of 6.0. The substrate is negatively charged throughout the pH range of the experiment At what pH=9. the enzyme will be operating at answer is either Vmax, 1/2 Vmax or less than 1/2 Vmax (type in one of the...
A particular type of glucose binding protein binds to glucosewith an affinity of 0.43 µM....
A particular type of glucose binding protein binds to glucose with an affinity of 0.43 µM. In other words, 1/K = 0.43 µM, where K is the equilibrium constant for the association of glucose with the protein. If glucose concentration is 1 mM, then approximately what fraction of glucose bindingA. Almost noneB. Almost allC. About halfD. About 10%In principle, a eukaryotic cell can regulate gene expression at any step in the pathway from DNA to the active protein, including marking...
Short answer questions: 21. Protein A has a binding site for ligand L with a Ka...
Short answer questions: 21. Protein A has a binding site for ligand L with a Ka of 10-6 M. Protein B has a binding site for ligand L with a Ka of 10'M. (a). Which protein has a higher affinity for ligand L? Explain your reasoning. (b). At what concentration of ligand L is proteins A half-saturated. At what concentration of L is protein B half-saturated. [L] y = [L] + Ka 22. A protein binds to a ligand L...
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Dimoglobin as a case study in cooperativity. Note that each binding site can be occupied, ,...
Dimoglobin as a case study in cooperativity.
Note that each binding site can be occupied,
, or unoccupied,
, and that a parameter J describes the cooperativity between the O2
molecules when both states are occupied (i.e., the energy is not
just the sum of the individual binding energies).
a) Write down the weights (Gibbs factors) for each of the
different states for the dimoglobin system shown in Figure 2.
b) What is the formula that describes the energy of...
1. secreted by postganglionic sympathetic neurons at Islet alpha cells 2. extracellular binding site for (1.)...
1. secreted by postganglionic sympathetic neurons at Islet alpha cells 2. extracellular binding site for (1.) 3. type of membrane protein defined by the topology of (2.) 4. type of (2.) binding site based on its ultimate function 5. found bound to the intracellular face of UN-liganded (2.) 6. immediate consequence of (2.)’s GEF action on (5.) 7. what (6.) directly activates 8. product of (7.) 9. what (8.) directly binds to 10. what (9.) inhibits with its …RRGAI… peptide...
Epinephrine and Glucose Let's assume that one mo lecule of epinephrine binding to the cell activates...
Epinephrine and Glucose Let's assume that one mo lecule of epinephrine binding to the cell activates one G-protein, which activates one adenylate cyclase. From there, assume that every enzyme catalyzes 10 reactions (for example, each activated adenlylate cyclase produces 10 molecules of activated cAMP dependent protein kinase). Finally, assume that each activated glycogen phosphorylase rees" 10 molecules of glucose to be released from the cell into the bloodstream. 1. How many molecules of glucose are released into the blood for...
The PFK1 enzyme is regulated by a number of factors in the cell, including the level of ATP. PFK1 is a homo- tetramer (four identical subunits) and ATP binds to multiple sites. The binding of ATP can...
The PFK1 enzyme is regulated by a number of factors in the cell, including the level of ATP. PFK1 is a homo- tetramer (four identical subunits) and ATP binds to multiple sites. The binding of ATP can be measured using radio-labelled ATP. The data presented below represents the triplicate determination of the binding of ATP to PFK in the absence and presence of 300 HM citrate Moles of bound ATP per mole enzyme -citrate +citrate [ATP] (uMTrial 1Trial 2 Trial...
Hi, please help 1)Draw two molecules that could hydrogen bond with each other. Draw and indicate...
Hi, please help 1)Draw two molecules that could hydrogen bond with each other. Draw and indicate the H-bond and label which is the donor and acceptor. 2) Look up the structure of the subunit of hemerythrin, an oxygen binding protein from invertebrates. It has been found that in some α-helical regions of the protein, about every third or fourth amino acid residue is a hydrophobic one. Suggest a reason for this finding, based on the structure you found. 3) Which...
The effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme was examined. At its active site, the enzyme has an Ionizable group that must be positively charged for substrate binding and catalysis to take place. The Ionizable group has a pk of 6.0. The substrate is negatively charged throughout the pH range of the experiment At what pH=9. the enzyme will be operating at answer is either Vmax, 1/2 Vmax or less than 1/2 Vmax (type in one of the...
Short answer questions: 21. Protein A has a binding site for ligand L with a Ka of 10-6 M. Protein B has a binding site for ligand L with a Ka of 10'M. (a). Which protein has a higher affinity for ligand L? Explain your reasoning. (b). At what concentration of ligand L is proteins A half-saturated. At what concentration of L is protein B half-saturated. [L] y = [L] + Ka 22. A protein binds to a ligand L...
4. Noncompetitive inhibitors: a) bind to the active site b) bind to the enzyme-substrate complex c) bind outside the active site and decrease substrate binding d) bind outside the active site and decrease rate of catalysis. 5. Which statement best describes the effect of pH upon enzyme catalyzed reactions? a) rate increases with increasing pH b) rate decreases with increasing pH c) rate increases with increasing pH until the denaturation pH is reached d) every enzyme has an optimum pH...
Dimoglobin as a case study in cooperativity.
Note that each binding site can be occupied,
, or unoccupied,
, and that a parameter J describes the cooperativity between the O2
molecules when both states are occupied (i.e., the energy is not
just the sum of the individual binding energies).
a) Write down the weights (Gibbs factors) for each of the
different states for the dimoglobin system shown in Figure 2.
b) What is the formula that describes the energy of...
Epinephrine and Glucose Let's assume that one mo lecule of epinephrine binding to the cell activates one G-protein, which activates one adenylate cyclase. From there, assume that every enzyme catalyzes 10 reactions (for example, each activated adenlylate cyclase produces 10 molecules of activated cAMP dependent protein kinase). Finally, assume that each activated glycogen phosphorylase rees" 10 molecules of glucose to be released from the cell into the bloodstream. 1. How many molecules of glucose are released into the blood for...
The PFK1 enzyme is regulated by a number of factors in the cell, including the level of ATP. PFK1 is a homo- tetramer (four identical subunits) and ATP binds to multiple sites. The binding of ATP can be measured using radio-labelled ATP. The data presented below represents the triplicate determination of the binding of ATP to PFK in the absence and presence of 300 HM citrate Moles of bound ATP per mole enzyme -citrate +citrate [ATP] (uMTrial 1Trial 2 Trial...
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