Question

Chapter 11: Automated DSS & Expert Systems

1. What is artificial intelligence? List four commercial products that incorporate artificial intelligence.
2. What is an expert system? Differentiate expert from expertise.
3. What is knowledge engineering? Describe the knowledge engineering process.
4. What is an automated decision system? How are decisions “automated” in an automated decision system?

Chapter 12: Knowledge Management and Collaborative Systems

5. What is knowledge management?
6. Differentiate data, information, and knowledge.
7. List two failure and two success factors associated with knowledge management.
8. Define intellectual capital.
9. Define groupthink.
10. What are some of the benefits of working collaboratively in groups?
11. Why don’t people like to share knowledge? What can organizations do to promote knowledge sharing among employees?
12. What are some of the characteristics of knowledge? Why is the term “knowledge” so hard to define?
13. Provide an example of declarative, procedural, causal, and conditional knowledge.
14. What is a knowledge-based economy? How can you prepare yourself for a career in a knowledge-based economy?
15. Differentiate tacit and explicit knowledge. Provide an example of each.
16. What is organizational culture? Describe how an appropriate organizational culture would facilitate the long-term success of a knowledge management system.
17. Define learning organization and identify characteristics of learning organizations.
18. What is a collaborative system?
19. Define collaboration. Why should employees collaborate?
20. Why is collaboration difficult?
21. Why is collaboration essential to organizations?
22. Define asynchronous.

Answer 1

Chapter 11: Automated DSS & Expert Systems

1. Artificial intelligence is the simulation process of human intelligence with mechanical system i.e. computer. The process of AI can work by either learning, reasoning or self-correction.

The four commercial products that incorporate artificial intelligence are as follows:

1. Google’s AI-Powered Predictions to analyse the speed of traffic movement and hindrance of work in progress in infrastructure.

2. Ridesharing Apps Like Uber.

3. Mobile Check Deposits by banks for customers

4. Voice-to-Text by smartphone companies.

2. An expert system is an Artificial intelligence software that computers highly complex problems of particular domain. For the computation process an extra ordinary human intelligence is required as well as expertise too. The expert systems are highly responsive, reliable, understandable to user and contains high performance efficiency.

An expert is either a person or machine which have the intellectual knowledge about the particular domain whereas expertise is a skill of particular domain which needs high level of performance or elite performance to become the expert.

3. The knowledge engineering is a process as well as a field of Artificial Intelligence which deals with the building, maintaining as well as using of knowledge-based systems in the scientific, technical and social aspects.

The knowledge engineering process have the following steps:

1. Knowledge Acquisition
2. Knowledge Representation
3. Knowledge Validation
4. Inferencing
5. Explanation and Justification

The knowledge engineers acquire and understand human knowledge to represent in the form of data structures and semantic models i.e. real-world representation of conceptual diagrams. The heuristics that are rules for the solution of every complex problems in the AI validates as well as inference the system and then the final representation is done in form of Expert systems, and algorithms.

4. An automated decision system is the system which automatically provides the solution of repetitive problems on the basis of rules. These are very near to the business analytics concepts and worked on business rules.

In an automated decision system, the decisions are automated by the application of certain business rules. These rules are generated as well as operated by business analytics.