Question

1. Describe the four yogas in Hinduism, together with their similarities and differences.

2. What is the Hindu concept of G-d, and how does it manifest in the Hindu religion.

3. Summarize the core teachings of Buddhism, and describe the main points of difference from Hinduism.

4. Considering all of the arguments for and against the existence of G-d, describe your personal position on the issue, using the most potent arguments at your disposal.

answer all questions with detail.

Answer 1

Answer:

1:

There are four types of yoga in Hinduism.

Jnana yoga: it is based on the main goal of achieving wisdom, knowledge, contemplations. It focuses on the systematic approach to observe and interrogate the nature very deeply and email of false beliefs.

Bhakti yoga:

It is based on love, devotion, service to God, compression, and all thing are done for God.

Karma yoga:

In this yoga, the action is most important and service to others in order to achieve success in This world.

Raja yoga: it is based on the elevation of thoughts and mind via meditation.

2:

Hinduism is one of the oldest and greatest religions of the eastern world

In Hinduism greatest gods are Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh also known as Shiva.

These gods were collectively known as Trimurti.

According to Hinduism, The creator of the entire universe is Brahma(“shrashta”, preservation(“paalak”) of the universe is Vishnu, and (vinashak) of this universe is Mahesh(Shiva).

Goddess related to these gods respectively is Saraswati(goddess of knowledge), Laxmi(goddess of wealth)’ and Parvati(the mother goddess).

Brahama is the Lord of Brahma Loka(Brahm world), Vishnu is lord of Vishnu Loka(vishnuworld), and mahesha is lord of Kailasa.

Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesha are considered the highest gods of Hinduism, next only to Brahman in importance and hierarchy.

In earlier Vedas like Rig Veda and the yajurved concept of Trimurti was not very clear. during the period of Rig-Veda, Vishnu was a small god and Shiva was not known dirty but other similar gods like Pashupati and Rudra are common.

According to experts of Hinduism, it may be possible that vaidic Hinduism adopts it from other native religions of Indian subcontinent.hinduism is not a single religion but it is developed from various religions and different concepts.

In present time Trimurti becomes most important and score concept of Hinduism.

Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh are the different form of param Abraham or supreme GOD but they have different task and features.

In Hinduism, kalpa is known as the one day 9f Brahma's life.it is equivalent to the 4.32 billion years or 1000 maha yuga.

On the pralaya or apocalypse, Shiva will destroy the world and world will recreate again.this is the never-ending cycle.

Hence, Trimurti is not just god but creator and destroyer of the universe.

3:

On the other hand, Buddhism is also an Indian religion that emerges from Hinduism due to caste systems and social discrimination in the Hinduism.

Buddhism is an ancient religion which was founded by Siddhartha Gautama or Gautama Buddha in the eastern part of India around 560 B.C.E.

Buddhism is a religion that teaches us nonviolence (ahimsa), harmony and peace(Shanti) and truth(Satya).

Teachings of Buddhism focuses on overall enhancement in harmony, peace and balance between culture and civilization.

Buddhism focuses to develop well ordered and functioned society and concerns about future generations,

Buddhism ethics is related to social welfare and individual welfare

It also focused on overall enhancement in harmony, peace and balance between culture and civilization.

Dhyana (Meditation) or samadhi is one of the core features in this tradition to elevate the spiritual and morality level. It is also used as a tool to achieve Nirvana(salvation from earthly desires and pain).

It is prohibited to take the life of anyone (including suicide or euthanasia) in Buddhism because it violates core idea of the Buddhism the nonviolence(ahimsa) and peace(Shanti), and truth(Satya).

According to the teachings of Mahatma Buddha, No person has a right to take the life of anyone because it is a gift of nature to mankind and we must follow the ahimsa in any condition.

Suicide or euthanasia prevents people to achieve Nirvana because it is a sign of ill mental state and also creates bad karma.

Four virtues of Buddhism are:

• Maitri: the act of kindness to all.

• Karuna: compassion

• Mudita: joy(altruistic)

• Upeksha: treating all persons in the same manner, equanimity.

4:

Religion refers to the set of beliefs, traditions and ideologies that create a link between human and divine God.

Most of the religions play an important role in influencing and shaping human civilizations and cultures.

In the real main purpose of all religions is to achieve the same goal.

Due to a different perspective on beliefs and different traditions. The people of the different region have different types of religions like true monotheistic religion Islam and Judaism or pseudo monotheistic religion like Christianity or polytheistic religions like Hinduism.

It is a very obvious thing that different people may have a different opinion about god similar to any other things.

Agnosticism believes neither in the presence of God and atheist hold that there is no God.

Simply because we have the concept of a God who is a universe-creator does not mean that God is the best theory of how the universe came to be designed, even if we accept that the universe must have been designed.

Descartes' task in meditation was to show the God’s existence, soul's immortality and give a foundation for physical science.

He denied judgement about any doubtful belief and all religions are related to meditations and all the beliefs of him were doubtful. Hence, he was a sceptic.

Descartes was one of the most important and influential philosophers of all time. He was a great supporter of dualism.

His argument for these concepts is:" I think, therefore I am” and "the mind that senses, not the body,".

According to my view, I do think Descartes manages to overcome the difficulties presented to him by scepticism. There should be some reality in the arguments. if the effect is really that. The cause should be also real. The concept of God is in the mind than it must be caused by another thing.

According to Descartes from nothing, something cannot be derived.

Descartes arguments on scepticism resemble the empiricism that Concept of god originated in mind due to something. It is somewhat related to the empiricism argument that true knowledge is only achieved by experience through senses.

Therefore, I believe that everything is created by God and he is the created and designer of the universe.