Question

Define each of the following types of heart murmur. Identify the alteration in blood flow associated with the murmur and when in the cardiac cycle the murmur would be heard.

• Insufficient AV valve:

• Insufficient SL valve:

• Stenotic AV valve:

• Insufficient SL valve:

• Septal defect:

Answer 1

Insufficient AV valve -

Tricuspid valve regurgitation When the tricuspid valve does not close properly, blood that is being pumped forward from the right ventricle to the lungs can leak backward into the right atrium, and the atrium may become enlarged.

Insufficient SL Valve

Aortic valve regurgitation This results when oxygen-rich blood leaks backward from the aorta into the left ventricle with each heartbeat. Your body does not get enough blood and the heart has to work harder to make up for it. Over time the walls of the ventricle may thicken (hypertrophy). This can increase your risk of heart failure.

Stenotic AV valve -

Tricuspid valve stenosis If your tricuspid valve narrows, blood is not able to fully move from the right atrium to the right ventricle. This can cause the atrium to enlarge, affecting pressure and blood flow in the surrounding chambers and veins. It can also cause the right ventricle to become smaller, so less blood circulates to your lungs to pick up oxygen.