Prior to the introduction of the euro, France and Germany had separate currencies; this acted as a barrier to trade in financial services since:
a)French and German banks colluded to divide the market between them.
b) the volatility of the exchange rate increased uncertainty
c) the volatility of the exchange rate decreased uncertainty
d) tariffs made it more expensive to lend across international borders.
b) the volatility of the exchange rate increased uncertainty
An increased volatility in exchange rates increases uncertainty around the returns to an investment. Thus, this volatility of exchange rates indeed serve as a barrier to trade in financial services.
Prior to the introduction of the euro, France and Germany had separate currencies; this acted as...
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