Question

Indicate where it is produced and where it is located:

acetylcholine, BMP, chordin, delta, epinephrine, EGF, ephrin, FGF, Frizzled, ISL-1 & 2, Hox, neuregulin, notch, RTK, Shh, TGF-β

Answer 1

1. Acetylcholine -  vesicles at the ends of cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction upon stimulation by nerve impulsein the peripheral nervous system.
2. BMP - Bone Morphogenetic Protein - Secreted by the roof plate in the developing spinal cord; a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily; It functions to regulate embryonic patterning of embryonic development.
3. Chordin- Antagonist of BMP; secreted by a dorsal region of the Xenopus embryo; potent activator of tissues; located at narrow region that separates the ectoderm from endoderm and mesoderm.
4. Delta - located in stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets; secretes somatostatin.
5. Epinephrine- also called adrenaline, located in the brain;  secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands.
6. EGF- found in many tissues including submandibular gland and parotid gland; produced by the luminal epithelial cells in the prostate
7. Ephrin- subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases; signaling regulates a variety of biological
8. FGF- Fibroblast Growth Factor; multifunctional proteins commonly mitogens; secreted by cells to act on distant targets.
9. Frizzled - encoded by SFRP1 gene; One of the member of receptor tyrosine kinases that have roles in development including the muscle-specific receptor
10. ISL-1 & 2 - Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the isl1 gene.
11. Hox -  The cell and tissue identities in the embryo during development is determined by Hox genes which encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors; expressed in various adult tissues and cancer cells.
12. Neuregulin -  cell adhesion molecule; encoded by the NRG1 gene;  produced by alternative splicing; needed for normal development of heart and nervous system.
13. Notch - Notch proteins are the receptors in a highly conserved signal transduction; Notch receptors are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum
14. RTK - Receptor tyrosine kinase; transmembrane protein receptors; interact with adjacent cells in a tissue; I
15. Shh - Sonic Hedge Hog; morphogen secreted by the developing notochord to pattern the early embryo; encoded by the SHH gene
16. TGF- - is secreted by macrophages and many other cells; abundant in bone, lung, kidney and placental tissue.