Question

In a study of memory, there were 18 participants. Each participant encoded images of everyday objects presented as photographs, colored drawings, or line drawings. At test, the name of the object was presented (e.g., "glove") and participants had to indicate whether they remembered seeing an image of that object before. Memory scores for photographs, colored drawings and line drawings were compared. What is the degrees of freedom for the residual?

please provide solution and a clear well explained step by step with formula. this was the information and question that was provided. this is not an incomplete question

Answer 1

degree of freedom for residual is often given by

df( residual)= n- (k+1)

here n= sample size

k= no of parameters considered which is 3 here.

df (residual )= 18-( 3+1)

=18-4

df(residual) =14