Question

A. What are the components of a solution?
B. Enumerate the different characteristics n properties of a solution.
C. What are the basis for classifying solution? Give examples for each.
D. Differentiate solubility from miscibility.
E. What are the different ways by which concentration of a solution can be measured and expressed?

PLEASE ANSWER ASAP. THANK YOU

Answer 1

A)

The substances that make up a homogeneous solution are called components of the solution. It has basically has two components i.e. a solvent and a solute.

• Solvent: The component of a solution which dissolves the other component in itself is called solvent. A solvent constitutes the larger component of the solution. For example, a solution of sugar in water is solid in the liquid. Here, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.
• Solute: The component of the solution which dissolves in the solvent is called solute. The solute is the smaller component of the solution. For example, a solution of iodine in alcohol known as ‘tincture of iodine’, iodine is the solute. Similarly, in carbonated drinks (Soda water), carbon dioxide gas is the solute.

B)

• It is a homogeneous mixture
• The size of solute particles in the solutions is extremely small. It is less than 1 nm in diameter.
• The particles of a solution cannot be seen even with a microscope.
• The particles of a solution pass through the filter paper. Thus filtration cannot separate the solution.
• It is very stable. The particles of solute present in a solution do not separate out on keeping.
• A true solution does not scatter light (because its particles are very small).

C)

Types of Solutions

• Saturated Solutions: Saturated solutions are solutions dissolving as much solute as it is capable of dissolving at a given temperature.
• Unsaturated Solutions: Unsaturated solutions are the ones with a lesser amount of solute than what we require for saturation. Sometimes, by applying external forces like heat energy, you can increase the solubility of the solutes in the solutions.
• Supersaturated Solutions: Supersaturated solutions contain more solute than saturated solutions.

D)

Solubility

When a solute and solvent are mixed, they form what is called a solution. A solution is only formed when the solute can be dissolved in the solvent. Solubility, a more general term than miscibility, refers to the ability of a substance -- specifically, the solute -- to be dissolved in the solvent. The more the substance can be dissolved, the more soluble it is. Solid solutes generally have a limit on the amount that is soluble, which depends on the kind of solute and solvent.

Miscibility

The term miscibility refers to the ability of a liquid solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent. Solubility is a more general term, but it is more often used to mean the ability of a solid solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent. Miscibility is used when talking about the solubility of -- specifically -- liquid solutes. Miscible liquids are also defined as liquids that can mix to form a homogeneous solution. Miscible liquids generally mix without limit, meaning they are soluble at all amounts.

E)

Concentration of a Solution

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of it. In other words, the concentration of a solution is the mass of the solute in grams, which is present in 100 g of a solution. Depending upon the amount of solute present, it is called a dilute, concentrated or a saturated solution.

Different substances in a given solvent have different solubilities at the same temperature. The most common method for expressing the concentration of a solution is the percentage method. The concentration of the solutions refers to the percentage of solute present in the solutions. The percentage of solute can be expressed in terms of the following two quantities:

• Concentration of solutions in terms of mass of solute

If the solutions have solid solute dissolved in a liquid, then we consider the ‘mass percentage of solute’ in calculating the concentration of the solutions. So, in the case of a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. Mass by mass percentage of the solutions is given by the percentage of the mass of solute in 100 grams of solvent.

• Concentration by mass by volume percentage of a solution

Mass by volume percentage of a solute is the percentage of the mass of the solute present in the specific volume of the solvent. Depending upon the unit of the mass and volume, the mass by volume percentage of solute in solutions can have following units as gram/ml or gram/litre.

• Solubility of a Solute

Solubility is the amount of solute (in gram), which dissolves in 100 g of water (solvent), at a given temperature.