Find the covariance of the returns of the two assets below. These are historical returns so each outcome is equally likely.
Year Asset A Asset B
2007 30.0% 15.0%
2008 - 8.0% 22.7%
2009 2.0% -14%
2010 7.5% 2.8%
2010 1.0% 12.0%
Let Returns for A be denoted by X and For B by Y
Average return of A = x = (0.30 - 0.08 + 0.02 + 0.075 + 0.01)/5 = 0.065
Average return of B = y = (0.15 + 0.227 - 0.14 + 0.028 + 0.12)/5 = 0.077
Covariance = Σ (X - x)(Y - y) / N
= [ (0.30-0.065)(0.15-0.077) + (-0.08-0.065)(0.227-0.077) + (0.02-0.065)(-0.14-0.077) + (0.075-0.065)(0.028-0.077) + (0.01-0.065)(0.12-0.077) ]/5
= 0.000463
Find the covariance of the returns of the two assets below. These are historical returns so...
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SnowGeese File:
Trial Diet WtChange
DigEff ADFiber
1 Plants -6.0 0.0
28.5
2 Plants -5.0 2.5
27.5
3 Plants -4.5 5.0
27.5
4 Plants 0.0 0.0
32.5
5 Plants 2.0 0.0
32.0
6 Plants 3.5 1.0
30.0
7 Plants -2.0 2.5
34.0
8 Plants -2.5 10.0
36.5
9 Plants -3.5 20.0
28.5
10 Plants -2.5 12.5
29.0
11 Plants -3.0 28.0
28.0
12 Plants -8.5 30.0
28.0
13 Plants -3.5 18.0
30.0
14 Plants -3.0 15.0
31.0
15 Plants -2.5 ...