Question

1.

a) To read anything from a file stream, you need to open it.

Give one example in C++ code of opening a file stream.

b) How do you know whether the stream has failed in C++?

c) In your own words, what is a stream manipulator in C++?

Answer 1

a)
ifstream in;    // declaring a variable to read data from file
in.open("filename");    // open file using open function

b)
there are two ways to check if a file is properly opened or not.
is_open, fail functions
is_open function gives a value of true if file is successfully opened
file function gives a value of true, if opened a file was failed

c)
<< is insertion stream manipulator
and >> is extraction stream manipulator

<< is used to write data to stream
and >> is used to read data from a stream