Question

Now, suppose you have a two level system, with energies E1=–ε and E2=+ε (Here ε is a positive number). Define the variable x=exp(–εβ)=exp(–ε/kB T).

1. Using the chain rule, determine an expression for the average energy of this two-level system, also in terms of x and ε

2. At low temperature (T→ 0), what is the value of x?. What is then limT→ 0 〈 E 〉?

Answer 1