birth rates:
b_i = (i+1)*b
death rates:
d_i = i*d
net rate=dr/di=birth rate-death rate=(i+1)*b-i*d
Integrating
=> r(i)=Integral((i+1)*b-i*d)di)
=[(b-d)*i^2/2 +bi] +c
a)r(4)-r(0)= 8(b-d)+4b=12b-8d
b)r(5)-r(2)=12.5*(b-d)+5b-2(b-d)-2b=13.5b-10.5d
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