Question

Pre-Laboratory Exercise 1. What are the three types of bonding? Define each type and the types of atoms/elements involved. 2. Statethe rales for drawing Lewis Dot Sirncures. 3. Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the following: CH20 a. How many and what type(s) of bonds (single, double, triple) are on the carbon? How many lone pair electrons are in the structure? What is the electron orientation? What is the shape of the molecule? What is the hybridization on the central carbon? b. PCIs How many and what type(s) of bonds (single, double, triple) are on the carbon? How many lone pair electrons are in the structure? What is the electron orientation? What is the shape of the molecule? What is the hybridization on the central atom?_ What is the hybridization of each chlorine? c. PH3 How many and what type(s) of bonds (single, double, triple) are on the carbon? How many lone pair electrons are in the structure? What is the electron orientation? What is the shape of the molecule? What is the hybridization on the central atom? 4. What is the significance of determining the shape of a molecule? There may be several answers.

Answer 1

Answer 1 -Type of bonds:-

(1) Ionic Bond :- ionic bonds are formed by transfer of valence electron from one atom to another atom.

(2) Covalent Bond :- Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons

(3) Coordinate Bond :- It is also formed by mutual sharing of electron but in this case two electron that are shared come from the same atoms.

Example of each bond is given in a page below.

Answer 2 - Rule for lewis structure :-

(1) Count the number of valence e^- each atom brings into the molecule interaction. For ions, the charge must be taken into account.

(2) Put electron pairs about each atom such that there are Eight electrons around each atom (octet rule), {exception of H, which is only surrounded by 2 electrons} Sometimes it's necessary to form double and triple bonds. Only C, N, O, P and S will form multiple bonds.

(3) If there is not enough electrons to follow the Eight electrons rule or Octane rule, then the least electronegative atom is left short of electrons. {Rare case}

(4) If there are too many electrons to follow the Eight electron rule or octet rule, then the extra electrons are placed on the central atom.

Answer 3 - Lewis structure :-

PHs CHzO - double ingle heape of molkake Cz) coverlant bond (3

Above page contains answer of question 3 & Example of question 1

Answer 4 - Significance of shape:-

Determining of Molecular shape is important, because it shows us how the molecule interacts & also tells us How it react with other molecule.

Shape of molecule also influence Boiling point & Melting point of that substance

Many of physical & chemical properties of molecules come from the particular shape that a molecule has.

Thank you!

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