Homework Answers
|
Mutagen |
Type of damage |
After replication if damage is not repaired |
|
nitrous acid |
It reacts with bases containing amino groups. Adenine will get oxidatively deaminated to give hypoxanthine, cytosine to uracil, and guanine to xanthine. Hypoxanthine pairs with cytosine rather than with thymine .Uracil pairs with adenine rather than with guanine. Xanthine, like guanine, pairs with cytosine. Consequently, nitrous acid causes A-T ↔ G-C transitions. |
This causes mismatches in the DNA and is important because it has been observed in numerous human diseases, including hemophilia, retinoblastoma, familial Alzheimer’s disease, and colon cancer |
|
Benzo[A]pyrene |
It intercalates with DNA, covalently bonding to the nucleophilic guanine bases, forming guanine benzopyrene. |
The binding will distort the DNA and will confuse the double-helical DNA structure. This disrupts the normal process of copying DNA and can lead to cancer. |
|
Aflatoxin B1 |
mutations at guanine site |
development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver tumors |
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Mutation after replication if not repaired Induced mutations Mutagens Nitrous acid Type of damage...
Mutagens: Chemical mutagens: Nitrous acid: Nucleoside analogs: Benzopyrene: Aflatoxin: Acridine dyes: Radiation: X-rays and gamma rays:...
Mutagens: Chemical mutagens: Nitrous acid: Nucleoside analogs: Benzopyrene: Aflatoxin: Acridine dyes: Radiation: X-rays and gamma rays: Ultraviolet rays: Repair of UV induced damage: Photolyases: Nucleotide excision repair: Methylases: Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Identifying Mutants: Identifying chemical carcinogens: The Ames test:
QUESTION 3 The codon S-AUG-3' on an mRNA encodes the amino acid methionine. What is the...
QUESTION 3 The codon S-AUG-3' on an mRNA encodes the amino acid methionine. What is the corresponding anticodon found on the methionine charged tRNA? 3-UAC-5 5-UAC-3 o 3-GUA-5 5'-ATG-3 QUESTION 4 Match each cause of DNA damage with the mechanism by which it can lead to mutations. Topoisomerase is unable to function properly, and when it makes A cuts in the DNA strands these are not always repaired. This leads to a loss of nucleotides and potential frameshift mutations. In...
QUESTION 49 A type of mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a...
QUESTION 49 A type of mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide even though the nucleotide sequence has been changed. Induced mutation Nonsense mutation Silent mutation Missense mutation None of the above 2 points QUESTION 50 Which of the following is an example of DNA damage? Loss of the helix structure of the DNA. A single break in the backbone...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in process called DNA curs in the nucleus of s acest FS Parent strand Parent strand Newly replicated DNA Newly replicated DNA- SA0 Daughter DNA molecule Daughter DNA molecule Figure 8.2: Overview of DNA replication and illustration of complementary base pairing. DNA must replicate before cell division so that each new daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent DNA. 1. Replication begins when...
Mutagens: Chemical mutagens: Nitrous acid: Nucleoside analogs: Benzopyrene: Aflatoxin: Acridine dyes: Radiation: X-rays and gamma rays: Ultraviolet rays: Repair of UV induced damage: Photolyases: Nucleotide excision repair: Methylases: Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Identifying Mutants: Identifying chemical carcinogens: The Ames test:
QUESTION 3 The codon S-AUG-3' on an mRNA encodes the amino acid methionine. What is the corresponding anticodon found on the methionine charged tRNA? 3-UAC-5 5-UAC-3 o 3-GUA-5 5'-ATG-3 QUESTION 4 Match each cause of DNA damage with the mechanism by which it can lead to mutations. Topoisomerase is unable to function properly, and when it makes A cuts in the DNA strands these are not always repaired. This leads to a loss of nucleotides and potential frameshift mutations. In...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in process called DNA curs in the nucleus of s acest FS Parent strand Parent strand Newly replicated DNA Newly replicated DNA- SA0 Daughter DNA molecule Daughter DNA molecule Figure 8.2: Overview of DNA replication and illustration of complementary base pairing. DNA must replicate before cell division so that each new daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent DNA. 1. Replication begins when...
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