Question

Explain in detail the operation of Series Crystal Oscillators?

Answer 1

crystal oscillator opesole onthe P8 nciple of Snvense efect in Blhich on alteanating voltoge opplied acros5 Surfaces cbuses to vibtote ab its nakusital freqency.ti vibolion ahich evonbuolly get onvesfed into escillob the crystal veled ino oscillobions. These y Mode 0f Quartz crystal. Sn son!ity, the cystal behoved lize Q Seiet .c drtuit, fesrtid bi CorMPonents Cs LS R Co) (b) Cp (ฉ equivalent elche acuit fig:-() Quartz cryslal the presence of CP, the crystal nill Yesonate at t ioquencies viz → oue diferent capacitince cs veSonates usith te Srduclance ts At this Stage, the crystal gHpedance Aill be the teast ond hence the aMount foedbodk ail be the losget Mathexatical epes fion fo the Same iS 워iven as 2 forald vodanant fiy hc is exhitited shen the eachane ofthe LScs leg cqμα18 the Y actance f the Posta llei capacitu ce he ts ond Gs fesonate sifh ep. At this instent, the ustal, Mpe donce wlill be the highet ond thus the feedback will be the kast. nathernatically it can be given ai CSCp

on Bueplying the Powest to the oscillator, he aMP amplitude of he loions in the circuit increases Until a pvin 0 scillotio the nonlincaostities in the amplifiesreduce the loop gain Next, on steaching the steady - stake, the crystal in 100p. highly influences the fequency of the opestaing circuit to uni the fecolback r, here,the freuency ekf -adiust so as to faolitale the crystal to present a reactance to the circuit Such that the Barkhausen ρhase requireMents is fulfilled ndenestal the frequency of the coustal oscllators will be fxed to be the crystal's fundamental or characleaistic freguency which wil be decidede by the physical size and shape of the o

Answer 2

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