Question

in C++ use Inheritance for the following

Shape

Circle

Sphere

Cylinder

Rectangle Square

Cube

You must define one class for each shape. And, use public inheritance when deriving from base classes.

Circle

int r;

void area();

void perimeter();

void volume(); //No volume for circle

Sphere

int r;

void area();//Sphere surface area= 4 × pi × radius²

void perimeter(); //No perimeter for Sphere

void volume();//Sphere volume= 4/3 × pi × radius²

Cylinder

int r, height;

void area();// Cylinder surface area=perimeter of circle *height

void perimeter(); //No perimeter for cylinder

void volume();//cylinder volume= area of circle x height

Rectangle

int length, width;

void area();

void perimeter();

void volume();// No volume for rectangle

Square

int length;

void area();

void perimeter();

void volume();// No volume for Square

Cube

int length;

void area();

void perimeter();

void volume();

Functions area(), perimeter(), and volume() are inherited from Shape class. You must declare them as virtual functions. All others should be concrete classes i.e., all classes should inherit these functions from its base class and override.

Certain functions are not defined for certain shapes. For example, the volume is not defined for Circle and, hence, print a warning message in the overridden function. Something like the following:

void Circle::volume ( void ) {

cout << "Volume is not defined for circle." << endl;

}

Along with these functions, you should have proper constructors to construct the objects of each class. You should use appropriate formulae to calculate the area, perimeter, and volume. You can take the value of PI to be 3.14. All methods should print appropriate messages. For example, “Area of the circle is 5.2”

etc.

At this point, we have all the classes set up and now we want to test by creating some dummy shapes and by calculating the area and perimeter for two dimensions shapes and the size for three dimensions shapes.

Draw the inheritance shape.

Write a program to run the above program.

Test your program with different inputs.

Answer 1

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#define PI 3.141
using namespace std;

// Defines class Shape
class Shape
{
// Prototype of functions
virtual void area() = 0;
virtual void perimeter() = 0;
virtual void volume() = 0;
};// End of class

// Defines class Circle derived from base class Shape
class Circle : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius
int radius;
public:
// Function to set radius
void setCircle(int r)
{
radius = r;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of circle
void area()
{
cout<<"\n Area of circle: "<<PI * radius * radius;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display perimeter of circle
void perimeter()
{
cout<<"\n Perimeter of Circle: "<<2.0 * PI * radius;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to display message
void volume()//No volume for circle
{
cout<<"\n Volume is not defined for circle.";
}// End of function
};// End of class Circle

// Defines class Sphere derived from base class Sphere
class Sphere : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius
int radius;
public:
// Function to set radius
void setSphere(int r)
{
radius = r;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of Sphere
void area()
{
cout<<"\n\n Area of Sphere: "<<4.0 * PI * radius * radius;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to display message
void perimeter()// No perimeter for Sphere
{
cout<<"\n No perimeter for Sphere.";
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display volume of Sphere
void volume()
{
cout<<"\n Volume is Sphere: " <<(4.0 / 3.0) * PI * radius * radius;
}// End of function
};// End of class Sphere

// Defines class Cylinder derived from base class Sphere
class Cylinder : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius and height
int radius, height;
public:
// Function to set radius and height
void setCylinder(int r, int h)
{
radius = r;
height = h;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of Cylinder
void area()
{
cout<<"\n\n Area of Cylinder: "<<(2.0 * PI * radius) * height;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to display message
void perimeter()// No perimeter for Cylinder
{
cout<<"\n No perimeter for Cylinder.";
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display volume of Cylinder
void volume()
{
cout<<"\n Volume is Cylinder: " <<(PI * radius * radius) * height;
}// End of function
};// End of class Cylinder

// Defines class Rectangle derived from base class Sphere
class Rectangle : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius and height
int length, width;
public:
// Function to set length and width
void setRectangle(int l, int w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of Rectangle
void area()
{
cout<<"\n\n Area of Rectangle: "<<length * width;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display perimeter of Rectangle
void perimeter()
{
cout<<"\n Perimeter for Rectangle: "<<2.0 * (length + width);
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to display message
void volume()
{
cout<<"\n No Volume for Rectangle.";
}// End of function
};// End of class Rectangle

// Defines class Square derived from base class Sphere
class Square : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius and height
int length;
public:
// Function to set length
void setSquare(int l)
{
length = l;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of Square
void area()
{
cout<<"\n\n Area of Square: "<<length * length;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display perimeter of Square
void perimeter()
{
cout<<"\n Perimeter for Square: "<<4.0 * length;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to display message
void volume()
{
cout<<"\n No Volume for Square.";
}// End of function
};// End of class Square

// Defines class Cube derived from base class Sphere
class Cube : public Shape
{
// Data member to store radius and height
int length;
public:
// Function to set length
void setCube(int l)
{
length = l;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display area of Cube
void area()
{
cout<<"\n\n Area of Cube: "<<6.0 * length;
}// End of function

// Overrides the function to calculate and display perimeter of Cube
void perimeter()
{
cout<<"\n Perimeter for Cube: "<<6.0 * length * length;
}// End of functionshape[0] = &circle;

// Overrides the function to calculate and display volume of Cube
void volume()
{
cout<<"\n Volume for Cube." <<length * length * length;
}// End of function
};// End of class Square

// main function definition
int main()
{
// Declares an array of object of class Shape of size 6
Shape *shape[6];

// Creates object of each class
Circle circle;
Sphere sphere;
Cylinder cylinder;
Rectangle rectangle;
Square square;
Cube cube;

// Assigns the object of the class to array of object
shape[0] = &circle;
shape[1] = &sphere;
shape[2] = &cylinder;
shape[3] = &rectangle;
shape[4] = &square;
shape[5] = &cube;

// Type cast the object to Circle pointer
// Calls the function to set radius
(*(Circle *)shape[0]).setCircle(4);

// Type cast the object to Circle pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Circle
(*(Circle *) shape[0]).area();

// Type cast the object to Circle pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Circle
(*(Circle *) shape[0]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Circle pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Circle
(*(Circle *) shape[0]).volume();

// Type cast the object to Sphere pointer
// Calls the function to set radius
(*(Sphere *)shape[1]).setSphere(5);

// Type cast the object to Sphere pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Sphere
(*(Sphere *) shape[1]).area();

// Type cast the object to Sphere pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Sphere
(*(Sphere *) shape[1]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Sphere pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Sphere
(*(Sphere *) shape[1]).volume();

// Type cast the object to Cylinder pointer
// Calls the function to set radius and height
(*(Cylinder *)shape[2]).setCylinder(4, 2);

// Type cast the object to Cylinder pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Cylinder
(*(Cylinder *) shape[2]).area();

// Type cast the object to Cylinder pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Cylinder
(*(Cylinder *) shape[2]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Cylinder pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Cylinder
(*(Cylinder *) shape[2]).volume();

// Type cast the object to Rectangle pointer
// Calls the function to set length and width
(*(Rectangle *)shape[3]).setRectangle(3, 5);

// Type cast the object to Rectangle pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Rectangle
(*(Rectangle *) shape[3]).area();

// Type cast the object to Rectangle pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Rectangle
(*(Rectangle *) shape[3]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Rectangle pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Rectangle
(*(Rectangle *) shape[3]).volume();

// Type cast the object to Square pointer
// Calls the function to set length
(*(Square *)shape[4]).setSquare(2);

// Type cast the object to Square pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Square
(*(Square *) shape[4]).area();

// Type cast the object to Square pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Square
(*(Square *) shape[4]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Square pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Square
(*(Square *) shape[4]).volume();

// Type cast the object to Cube pointer
// Calls the function to set length
(*(Cube *)shape[5]).setCube(2);

// Type cast the object to Cube pointer
// Calls the function to display are of Cube
(*(Cube *) shape[5]).area();

// Type cast the object to Cube pointer
// Calls the function to perimeter of Cube
(*(Cube *) shape[5]).perimeter();

// Type cast the object to Cube pointer
// Calls the function to volume of Cube
(*(Cube *) shape[5]).volume();
return 0;
}// End of main function

Sample Output:

Area of circle: 50.256
Perimeter of Circle: 25.128
Volume is not defined for circle.

Area of Sphere: 314.1
No perimeter for Sphere.
Volume is Sphere: 104.7

Area of Cylinder: 50.256
No perimeter for Cylinder.
Volume is Cylinder: 100.512

Area of Rectangle: 15
Perimeter for Rectangle: 16
No Volume for Rectangle.

Area of Square: 4
Perimeter for Square: 8
No Volume for Square.

Area of Cube: 12
Perimeter for Cube: 24
Volume for Cube.8