Question

Infant mortality rate is defined as the number of babies that die between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births. For example, an infant mortality rate of 23.4 means that for every 1000 babies born 23.4 will die before age 1. We are using rates in this project because it allows us to compare regions with different population sizes.

1. Provide descriptive statistics (Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, and the five number summary) for infant mortality rate for each region.

2. Provide descriptive statistics (Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, and the five number summary) for under five mortality rate for each region.

3. Construct a side-by-side box plot for infant mortality rate and region. Please compare similarities or dissimilarities among the regions.

4. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the average infant mortality rate. Be sure to write a statement summarizing your findings

5. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the average under-five mortality rate. Be sure to write a statement summarizing your findings.

6. Test if the African average infant mortality rate is different from 62.56 using the population standard deviation 27.91 and normal distribution for ?=0.05.

7. Describe what you have learned about the global infant mortality rate and under five mortality rate.

8. Provide your recommendation that would improve infant mortality rate and under five mortality rate based on evidence obtained from credible literature reviews.

Data: https://www.statcrunch.com/app/index.php?dataid=1680573

Answer 1

Let us use MINITAB to complete the problem..

The descriptive statistics (Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, and the five number summaries) for infant mortality rate for each region 1s shown below: The MINITAB procedure to get the descriptive statistics summaries follow the below steps 1. Enter the data in the spread sheet. 2. Select 'Stat' from the main menu, 3. Select 'Descriptive statistics' then 'Display Descriptive Statistics'. 4. Specify the 'Rate' in 'variables 'box and Group "WHO region, in Bỵ variables box Finally click OK. 5. The MINITAB output is shown below: Results for Group Infant Statistics Variable WHO region Ra Mean StDev VarianceMinimum 1 Median Q3 77.61 24.64 607.07 4747 22.85 521.98 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean 43.4 22.65 512.98 Europe South-East Asia Western Pacific 30.00 59.25 74.70 93.40 17.00 31.13 42.10 62.02 16.00 24.82 35.70 62.03 12.40 23.45 40.05 52.25 22.30 40.95 53.55 72.95 12.20 23.55 35.65 64.05 te 39.48 17.55 307.89 56.88 20.42 416.83 42.83 24.63 606.75 Maximum Variable WHO region Rate Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western Pacific 159.20 106.00 87.70 82.60 102.20 95.70

2. The descriptive statistics (Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, and the five number summaries) for Under five mortality rate for each region is shown below: Results for Group Under-five Statistics 03 42.90 90.53 122.15 161.63 20.50 36.90 48.65 86.88 18.80 28.28 42.30 74.65 12.60 27.60 50.15 60.30 23.00 54.45 65.15 96.23 15.80 30.08 50.15 74.97 Variable WHO region Rate Mean StDev Variance Minimum Q1 Median Africa Americas 30.7 49.23 2423.70 63.76 36.27 1315.83 Eastern Mediterranean 52.8 28.96 838.82 46.72 20.99 440.51 76.04 31.25 976.63 56.99 30.14 908.17 Europe South-East Asia Western Pacific Variable WHO region Rate Maximum 326.40 162.00 115.40 99.00 151.90 125.60 Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western Pacific

3. The side-by-side box plot for infant mortality rate and region. The MINITAB procedure to get the Box-plots, follow the below steps 1. Enter the data in the spread sheet. 2. Select 'Graph' from the main menu. 3. Select 'Box-plots' then 'with groups'. 4. Specify the 'Rate' in 'Graph variables' and 'Group WHO region' in categorical variables for grouping box. Finally click OK. 5. The MINITAB output is shown below: Boxplot of Rate 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 WHO region Group The infant mortality rate in Africa has two outliers. If the two outliers are removed the mortality rate is normally distributed

From the above two box plots, it is observed that the mortality rate in infants is less than the mortality rate in under-five. 4. The 95% confidence interval for the average infant mortality rate is shown below: The MINITAB procedure to get the 95% confidence interval follow the below steps. 1. Enter the data in the spread sheet. 2. Select 'Stat' from the main menu 3. Select 'Basic statistics' then 'One-sample t for the mean' 4. Specify the 'Rate for infants' in the grouping box 5. Specify the confidence level 95.0 then click ok. 6. Finally click OK. The MINITAB output is shown below One-Sample T: Rate Descriptive Statistics 95% CI for μ N Mean StDev SE Mean 332 62.56 27.95 1.53 59.54, 65.57) w mean of Rate Hence the 95% confidence interval for the average infant mortality rate is (59.54, 65.57)

The 95% confidence interval for the average under-five mortality rate: The 95% confidence interval below: The MINITAB procedure to get the 95% confidence interval follow the below steps. for the average infant mortality rate is shown 1. Enter the data in the spread sheet. 2. Select Stat' from the main menu 3. Select 'Basic statistics' then 'One-sample t for the mean 4. Specify the 'Rate for under-five' in the grouping box. 5. Specify the confidence level 95.0 then click ok. 6. Finally click OK. The MINITAB output is shown below: One-Sample T: Rate 1 Descriptive Statistics N Mean StDev SEMean 95% CI for μ 332 9641 54.30 .98 (90.55, 102.28) Hence the 95% confidence interval for the average under five mortality rate is (90.55, 102.28) Therefore, the width of the average under five mortality rate is larger than the average infants mortality rate. Hence it can be concluded that the average under five mortality rate is larger than the average infants mortality rate.