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dit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help 19% Assignment 11 - Pharmacology (1) Compatibility Mode Saved to my Mac Design Layout References Mailings Review View 11 A A Aa v Ap 1.. AabbCcDdEe AallbCcDdE Aa Bb AanbccDGE AabbCcDdte AaBbCcD x A- Normal No Spacing Heading 1 Heading 2 Tale Suritie Assignment 11 Assignment Grading Rubric Each Assignment is worth 10 points Correct Information 6 pts Properly Referenced 2 pts Includes information from required text book 2 pts Read the following question. Save your document and then submit it in MS Word only. A. There are many ways of taking medications. Discuss each and give examples. Ingestion (Enteral) Parenteral Inhalation- Topical- the counter drugs taken by mouth. Discuss the

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1. Enteral route of drug administartion include oral and sublingual administartion of drug.

i) Oral administration is most common route and most convenient route for patients.The disadvantages of oral administration are their unpleasant taste, the irritation of the gastric mucosa,the irregularity of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract,the time needed for absorption and the harmful effect some drugs can have on a client's teeth.

ii) Sublingual administration: Drugs such as nitroglycerine are given sublingually by placing it under the tongue and letting it slowly dissolve .

2.Parenteral Administration:It means giving of therapeutic agents outside the alimentary tract.( para-bedside,enterone-intestine).It is a type of administration accomplished by a needle.

Subcutaneous:into subcutaneous tissue

Intramuscular:into the muscles

Intradermal:under the epidermis ,into the derms

Intravenous:into the vein.

Intra arterial: into the artery

Intra cardiac: into the cardiac muscles .

Intra thecal: into the spinal cavity.

Intra osseous: into the bone marrow.

Intra peritonia: into the peritonial cavity.

3) Inhalation:The volatile drugs are given in this method.The client inhales the fumes into the lungs to have a local or systemic effect.eg: inhalation of spirit ammonia to overcome fainting ,inhalation of ether ,chloroform ,nitrous oxide etc. for the anesthetic effects.

4) Topical Application:Itv is the application of drug to the skin usually by a friction.eg:ointments.Many dugs are applied topicallysuch as astringents,emolients,antiseptics.