Question

CONCEPTUAL THINKING 1. Compare the structure of a cell to Chapter 3 and Their runctioea 53 all of the different functions of the a factory or a city Try to find cell structures that accomplish city or lactory. 2. Your great aunt M is 96 years old and loves to hear about what you are learning an led notion earning in class. She newfangled notion a. She asks you to explain why DNA is so important. Explain the role of DNA in protein syn- thesis, using clear, uncomplicated language. You must define any term that your great aunt recently attended an Elderhostel camp, where people were talking about this called DNA might not know. You can use an analogy if you like. ntunt Next, your great aunt wonders how the proteins get out of the cell. Explain the pathway a protein takes from the ribosome to the blood. You can use an illustration if you like. b. contains some of the same substances as our cells. You quantify the concentration of these substances and determine that the cell contains 10% glucose and 0.3% calcium. The cell is placed in a solution containing 20% glucose and 0.1% calcium. The plasma membrane of this cell is very different than ours. It is permeable to glucose but not to calcium. That is, only glucose can cross the plasma mem- brane without using transporters. Use this information to answer the following questions a. Will glucose move into the cell or out of the cell? Which transport mechanism will be 3. You are a xenobiologist studying an alien cell isolated on Mars. Surprisingly, you notice that the cell involved?

Answer 1

1. Structures of a cell:

Cell wall - It is equivalent to the boundary or borders of a city. It selectively allows individuals who either have work or reside in the city.

Mitochondria - It is equivalent to Electric PowerGrid. It supplies the energy required for the functioning of all equipments in the city.

Microtubules and Microfilaments - They are the equivalent to the structural elements of the city, which keeps the buildings in the city stable.

Nucleus - it is equivalent to the Mayor of the town, who runs the whole place.

Golgi Apparatus - It is equivalent to the export industries, which packs and ships produces of the factories out of the city.

Ribosomes - It is equivalent to the factories where different products are made.

2. a) Role of DNA in Protein synthesis

So, DNA are tiny, double stranded, twisted ladder of complex chemicals which are present in each and every cell of our body.

DNA are basically the mastermind of all that happens in each and every cell.

DNA exerts its actions through proteins.
So, when protein is to be synthesized, the DNA, which is twisted, will straighten.

And after it is straightened, the part of the DNA which will give rise to a certain protein will be copied by certain substances called mRNAs.

These mRNAs will then do to the ribosomes, which are the factories that produces protein and thus, proteins are synthesized.

b)
The synthesized proteins enter the golgi apparatus, which are sites where the protein is packed such that is can be transported out.

Golgi apparatus is connected to the cell wall and through exocytosis, which is the process by which a substance moves out of a cell, the packaged protein is transported to the blood.

3.
Since the concentration of Glucose is greater in the solution than the cell, the glucose will be transported along the concentration gradient into the cell. This is down-hill transport i.e Passive transport takes place.