Question

After reading the methods section from the abstract, determine what type of study design was used. write down a strength and limitation of the study design. Possible answers include case control study, cohort study, ecological study, cross sectional study, and experimental study.

24) METHODS/DESIGN: This is a phase 2 dose escalation study of lisdexamfetamine for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Twenty individuals seeking treatment for methamphetamine dependence will be recruited at two Australian drug and alcohol services. All participants will undergo a single-blinded ascending-descending dose regime of 100 to 250 mg lisdexamfetamine, dispensed daily on site, over an 8-week period. Participants will be offered counselling as standard care. For the primary objectives, the outcome variables will be adverse events monitoring, drug tolerability and regimen completion.

Type of Study:

Strengths:

Limitation:

25) METHODS:

Twenty college students were physician diagnosed with a concussion and compared to 20 non-concussed controls matched on age, sex, physical activity, and sleep quality. A wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X Link was provided during initial evaluation (within 72 hours post-injury for concussed) and worn continuously until symptom resolution (duration matched for non-concussed). All participants completed a sleep symptom severity checklist, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

RESULTS:

At 2-3 days post-injury, concussed individuals took longer to fall asleep compared to controls (p=0.002). Poorer sleep quality (p<0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.014), and worse sleep symptoms (p<0.001) existed in concussed compared to controls.

Type of Study:

Strength:

Limitation:

26) METHODS:

Flame retardants are commonly used in consumer products found in U.S. households. Despite the widespread presence of these compounds in home environments, and their structural similarity to neurotoxic OP pesticides, understanding of human exposure and health effects of PFRs is limited. We measured four urinary PFR metabolites from pregnant women in the CHAMACOS  study (n = 310) and assessed neurodevelopment of their children at age 7. We observed decreases of 2.9 points (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -6.3, 0.5) and 3.9 points (95% CI: -7.3,-0.5) in Full-Scale intelligence quotient and Working Memory, respectively, for each ten-fold increase in DPHP in adjusted regression models (n = 248).

Type of Study:

Strength:

Limitation:

Answer 1

A research design is a detailed outline of how investigation should be carried out.

It includes the :

How data is to be collected $\rightarrow$ what instruments will be employed $\rightarrow$ how the instruments will be used $\rightarrow$ and the intended means for analyzing data collected

24) Type of study :Phase II dose escalation study,of Human Clinical trial phases,to test the efficiency of a drug lisdexamfetamine for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence

Strengths :

*Studies conducted in dedicated centres

*Unique opportunity to collect tissue samples

*Aim to identify mechanisms regulating drug sensitivity and resistance

*Information regarding the relative safety of the drug lisdexamfetamine

*It can lasts up to several weeks and less samples saves the time

*Saves the economy

Limitations:

*Identification of predictive markers is critical whether study forward to a phase III study

*Limited number of patients results in less accuracy

*Different drug doses in Phase II trials may be sub-optimal

25) Type of study :A matched case-control study, to control the effects of known potential confounding variables to describe sleep 2-3 days post concussion through symptom recovery and make comparison

Strength:

*Efficient

*Time saving

*Increased quality

*Well developed tool

Limitations:

*High statistical analysis is needed

*Needs careful evaluation

26) Type of study :CHAMACOS cohort study,to examine the current-use flame retardants :and its effects to mother and children

Strength:

*The representative nature of the study sample

*Can collect broad range of information

Limitations:

*Selected sample size

*The research design used for the study