Question

3. (10 Points) Consider the compounds in Table 3.3-3 and explain how functional groups affect the intermolecular attractions. Compound Structure Boiling point (°C) Molecular Mass (g/mol) Hexane 86.17 69 2-Pentanone 86.13 Pentanal 86.13 103 1-Pentanol 88.15 138 Butanoic acid 88.10 164 OH

Answer 1

In hexane no functional group is present so only dispersion force between the two molecules will occur

In 2-pentanone oxygen group is present , so dipole and dispersion both occurs

In pentanal oxygen group is present at the end so little bit stronger dipole and dispersion force occurs.

In 1-pentanol hydroxyl group ( OH ) is present so hydrogen bonding as well as dispersion force act.

In butanoic acid carboxylic acid is present strong hydrogen bonding with strong dipole moment and dispersion force is present.

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