Question

17. Causes of a transient loss of consciousness (syncope) may include all of the following EXCEPT a. Cardiac dysrhythmias b. Orthostatic hypotension c. Subarachnoid hemorrhage d. Seizures 18. Pupillary reactions are a test of which cranial nerve(s)? CNI and II b. CNI C. CN II and III d. CN II 19. Which of the following tests" evaluates the patient's ability to sense their position? a. None of the above b. Tuning for testing c. Romberg test d. Pronator drift 20. An 18-year-old college freshman presents to the emergency room for evaluation of fever, headache, and neck stiffness. On physical examination, the patient is resting quietly and has a fushed face. His vital signs are as follows temperature, 104 degrees Fahrenheit: pulse, 110 bpm, and BP, 105/70 mm Hg. He has no rashes. During the physical examination, you flex the patient's neck and his hips and knees flex in response, indicating meningeal irritation. The name of this positive sign is: a. Brudzinski's sign b. Lachman's sign c. Babinski's sign d. Kernig's sign

Answer 1

QUESTION: 17

ANSWER: C) SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

Fainting is the only warning sign of an abnormal heart rhythm.It can lead to sudden cardiac arrest and death.So syncope is related with cardiac dysrhythmias.

Orthostatic hypotension resulting from the postural decrease in the blood pressure of atleast 20mmhg.In this condition sudden loss of consciousness is felt by the client during the changes in blood pressure.So syncope is also included in orthostatic hypotension.

During seizure the client can experience syncope with circulatory and EEG changes.The seizure like reaction resulting from cerebral hypoperfusion. So syncope also included in seizure.

Option c) subarachnoid hemorrhage having the symptom such as thunderclap headache, confusion, decreased level of consciousness, or sometimes coma may be present.So syncope is not included in the subarachnoid hemorrhage.

QUESTION: 18

ANSWER: C) CRANIAL NERVE II AND III

In cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve), the smell is checked.

In cranial nerve II and III (Optic and oculomotor nerve), the pupillary reaction are checked.

QUESTION: 19

ANSWER: C) ROMBERG TEST

The romberg test is used to assess the cause of loss of motor coordination(ataxia).

Tuning fork test helps to detect the hearing loss such as conductive hearing loss and the sensorineural hearing loss.

Pronator drift test is used to detect the subtle upper motor neuron disorder.

so the answer is romberg test

QUESTION: 20

ANSWER: A) BRUDZINSKI'S SIGN

Brudzinski's sign and kernig sign both indicates the presence of meningeal irritation that is meningitis.

In brudzinski's sign when the physician flex the patients neck, hips and knee will automatically flex in response.This is positive Brudzinski's sign.

In kernig sign severe stiffness of hamstrings muscle will be there when the hip is flexed to 90 degree due to meningitis.

Babinski sign is the indicator of problem in the central nervous system.When the physician stroke the lateral aspect of the sole from the heel to the ball of the foot, fanning of toes is positive babinski sign and it is abnormal for adults and normal for infants upto 2years.

The lachman sign is used to diagnose the injury to the anterior cruciate ligament.