Question

7) A accelerates charged particles in circular paths in "Dees" under vacuum by an electromagnetic field that are then directed to a pure elemental target to produce radioisotopes and is a common means of producing radioisotopes for use in PET imaging 8) Red blood cells have a half time in the body of between 25 to 33 days. This can be determined using administered intravenously 9) sodium iodide is used for the treatment of 0) Scintillation cameras for use in SPECT are generally made using what type of crystal? 11) The half-life of 99Mo used in the "Mo → 99"Tc generator is _______ hours. 131 carcinoma (cancer). 12 A therapeutic antibody radiopharmaceutical used for NHL treatment that targets CD20 antigen is

Answer 1

7. A cyclotron is a most powerful particle accelerator .A cyclotron is found to accelerate a charged particle beam with use of  high frequency alternating voltage . The high frequency alternating voltage is applied between two hollow "D"-shaped sheet metal electrodes called "dees" inside a vacuum chamber. These dees are located between the poles of a large electromagnet .Whenever these dees pass  to the other dee electrode, they are influenced by a magnetic field to travel in circular paths. The cyclotrons are capable of producing  proton beams .These proton beams are used to manufacture radioisotopes used in medical diagnosis.

8.Technetium gives low radiation, excreted within 24 hours in urine after injection. It is injected intravenously to determine the half life of RBC

9. ¹³¹ I is radioactive form of iodine present in food. Radioactive iodine when swallowed in a small dose as prescribed by physician has ability to destroy hyperactive thyroid cells in hyperthyroidism (such as Graves' disease) , thyroid cancer cells after thyroidectomy and also it stops the recurrence of thyroid carcinoma.

10.A scintillation camera is also called gamma camera. SPECT  (single photon emission computed tomography) is used in nuclear cardiac stress testing. The crystal in the gamma camera is made of Sodium iodide activated with thallium . This crystal made with sodium iodide activated with thallium improves recombination by light emission of electrons which in turn improves scintillation efficiency of the camera.

11.Tc-99 has half life of 6 hours. The Molybdenum-99 has half life of 66 hours .

12.Monoclonal antibody is used in treatment of non - hodgkin 's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a carcinoma that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes,  CD20 is an antigen that is commonly found on the tumor cells of patients with B-cell lymphoma. Monoclonal antibodies are used alone to destroy lymphoma cells . A particular monoclonal body used to destroy the cancer cells at recent times is termed  rituximab .