Question

• Describe the most common causes and provide examples for neutrophilia, neutropenia, eosinophilia (i.e., eosinophilia caused by asthma, hay fever, or parasitic infection), eosinopenia, basophilia, monocytosis, monocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and lymphocytopenia.

Answer 1

1.Neutropenia causes include Cancer such as Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy. Medications such as methimazole and propylthiouracil. Certain antibiotics, including vancomycin, penicillin G and oxacillin. Antiviral drugs, such as ganciclovir and valganciclovir.Anti-inflammatory medication for conditions such as ulcerative colitis or rheumatoid arthritis, including sulfasalazine, antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine and chlorpromazine. Drugs used to treat irregular heart rhythms, including quinidine and procainamid.Infections such as Chickenpox, Epstein-Barr,Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV/AIDS,Measles, Salmonella infection, Sepsis.Autoimmune diseases Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis. Bone marrow disorders, Aplastic anemia, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Myelofibrosis

2. Neutrophilia caused by acute inflammation, so will be raised after a heart attack, other infarct or burns.Some drugs, such as prednisone, have the same effect as cortisol and adrenaline .Chronic myelogenous leukemia, appendicitis and splenectomy.

3.Eosinopenia caused by acute stress,Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, SLE, steroids.

4.Basophila caused by myeloproliferative, chronic myelogenous leukemia, primary myelofibrosis,essential thrombocythemia, myelodysplastic syndrome. Inflammation: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Allergies: food allergies, drug allergies, hay fever, allergic rhinitis. Infections: chickenpox, tuberculosis.

5. Monocytosis: It is caused by Bacterial infections: tuberculosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, and brucellosis. Other infections: Syphilis, viral infections (eg, infectious mononucleosis), and many protozoal and rickettsial infections ( kala azar, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative disorders, metastatic carcinoma, lung cancer, and other malignant neoplasms. Autoimmune disease and vasculitis: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.Sarcoidosisand lipid storage disease.

6.Monoctopenia is caused by acute infections, stress, treatment with glucocorticoids, aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, treatment with myelotoxic drugs, genetic syndromes (eg. MonoMAC syndrome).

7. Lymphoctosis is caused by Acute lymphocytic leukemia,chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cytomegalovirus infection, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, Hypothyroidism , Lymphoma, Mononucleosis, syphilis, tuberculosis, whooping cough.

8. Lymphocytopenia causes include Many acquired diseases include: Infectious diseases, such as AIDS, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever.Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus.Steroid therapy.Blood cancer and other blood diseases, such as Hodgkin's disease.Radiation and chemotherapy.Inherited Cause include DiGeorge anomaly, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia.