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For chemical shifts of the protons labeled x, y,& z, which is the correct order from...

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For chemical shifts of the protons labeled x, y,& z, which is the correct order from highest to lowest effective field (i.e., deshielded shielded) in the 1 H NMR spectrum?

note: the 1 before the H is suppose to be a superscript

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Concepts and reason

1H NMR Spectroscopy:

• Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)
spectroscopy is one of the techniques in analytical chemistry that is widely used to determine the purity of sample and also to predict the structure of the organic compounds.

• The NMR
spectroscopy is phenomenon that is observed when frequency of nuclei of atoms (sample) resonates with frequency of rotating magnetic field.

Η ΝMR
Spectroscopy provides the information about how many types of hydrogen (chemically nonequivalent hydrogen) atoms present in a molecule.

Chemical Shift, :

• The relative difference between the frequency of absorbed electromagnetic radiation by the sample and the frequency of absorbed electromagnetic radiation by the standard usually TMS divided by the spectrometer operating frequency.

• It is expressed in parts per million (ppm).

Fundamentals

Mathematical equation for the chemical shift:

kandart x 10 (ppm)
V.
sample
sample
standard

The frequency of absorbed radiation by the sample is sample
.

The frequency of absorbed radiation by the standard is standard
.

Factors affecting the chemical shift:

• Electronegativity

• Hybridization

• Magnetic anisotropy of systems

• Hydrogen bonding

Hybridization on the carbon atoms
Hz
sp2
Hy
Sp3
Нx
electron withdrawing group
Hz
shielded region (inside the benzene ring))
d

9.0 to 10.0 ppm
Hz
6.5 to 8.0 ppm
Hy
Нx
2.3 to 2.9 ppm
с

Ans:

The correct order from highest to lowest effective field (i.e., deshielded > shielded) in the 1Η ΝMR
spectrum isн, > н, > н,
.

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