Question

Create the atomic orbital diagram for chlorine. In a chlorine atom, which subshells contain valence electrons?

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

An orbital could be defined as the distribution of an electron’s probability density in an atom, centered at the nucleus.

The quantum numbers form the identity of the atomic orbitals. The four quantum numbers together inform about the position of a given orbital in the energy hierarchy within an atom.

All quantum numbers take positive integral values.

Fundamentals

The four quantum numbers are principal, azimuthal, and magnetic and spin.

The principal quantum number (n) effectively informs about the size of the electron density distribution with the nucleus of the atom as the center.

The azimuthal quantum number () informs about the angular momentum of an electron occupying a given orbital.

The magnetic quantum number ( ) informs about the quantization of an orbital in terms of the orientation of the angular momentum vectors associated with an electron.

The spin quantum number (s) informs about the spin angular momentum of the electron.

For an orbital of principal quantum number ‘n’, the azimuthal quantum number could take values from 0 to.

For an orbital of azimuthal quantum number ‘’, the magnetic quantum number could take values from

Every orbital has two associated spin states denoted by the quantum numbers

Aufbau Principle: The atomic orbitals in an atom are filled in the increasing order of their energies.

Hund’s Rule: Pairing in degenerate orbitals begins only after each of them is singly filled.

The electronic configuration would be as follows:

The diagram could be given as follows:

Chlorine is in period indicating that the valence shell electrons enter subshells with principal quantum number.

From the atomic orbital diagram, it is clear that the following are not the shells populated by the valence electrons:

The subshells populated by valence electrons are:

Ans:

The atomic orbital diagram would be as follows:

The subshells populated by valence electrons are: