Question

Please answers all questions 1,2 Please

1. Select one of the following medical devices and research 1t, 2d, and 3"d generation biomaterials that have been used (or are in development). Summarize their use. Sutures Catheters .Electrodes Vascular stents Dentures 2. Which type of material is A, 8, and C? Explain why

Answer 1

Biomaterials are the materials that can be implanted inside the body to replace or repair missing or damaged tissue. They can be of natural origin or synthesized in the laboratory. Here we will describe the various generations of biomaterials used in the development of dentures.

Dentures are removable prosthetic devices used for replacement of missing teeth and surrounding tissues. Over the past three decades there have been great development in the materials used for dentures. Biomaterials used in prosthetic synthesis can be classified as first generation (they are inert i.e, they do not trigger any response in the host, neither rejection nor acceptance). second generation ( they are bioactive means they are more stable and perform in the body for longer periods), third generation (they are biodegradeable, that is they can be decomposed naturally).

First generation dentures were made of wood , gold fillings or polymethyl methacrylate, ivory steel etc. that is they were made of common materials. In 20^th century, metal implant devices of Gold, Lead, Iridium, Stainless Steel and Cobalt alloys were developed.

Second generation materials dentures were engineered in collaboration with physician and engineers and advanced materials were used examples include titanium alloy dental and orthopedic implants, cobalt-chromium implants.

Third generation denture implants are bioengineered using bioengineered materials.like genetically engineered biological components, some rebsorbable bone repair cements

uses of these instruments

• Sutures are used by doctors or surgeons to close the wounds using needle and thread. Stitching is necessary to help  in healing of wound.
• Catheters are the tubes that are inserted into the duct , body cavity or vessels to administer medication or fluid inside the body or to drain the fluid or urine from the body.
• Electrodes are the medical devices used to transfer ionic current into electrical current in the body to help in the diagnosis of various disorders like cardiac and nervous disorders
• Vascular stents are used to treat the narrowing or blockage of arteries or veins, e.g, angioplasty with  stent is used to unblock the arteries supplying blood to kidneys.
• Dentures are prosthetic devices used to replace missing teeth and surrounding tissues.

2. These are different types of polymers

A) It is random copolymer because it is composed of two different monomers with completely random sequence of repeating units.

B) it is a homopolymer because it consists of identical monomeric units

C) It is alternating copolymer because it consists of two species of monomeric units arranged in alternating sequence.