Question

can someone help

Create an IPv4 addressing scheme to enable end-to-end connectivity in a small to medium-sized business network.

Answer 1

Ipv4 addressing is a 32 bit long addressing sceme that unuquely identifies a network and a host within a network.

A ipv4 addressing must consist of the following things-

1.A unique network id which identifies a network.The network id is assigned by ISP.

2.a unique address for each host/end system present in a network.

3.A network mask.

A 32 bit ipv4 address is represented using 4 octects seperated by a '.' seperator.Each octect represent a byte .Each 8 bit fields can have value ranging between 0-255.This representation us known as dotted-decimal form.

Components of IPv4 address:

If n is the number of bits required to represent a netwirk Id then 32-n bits are used for host id part.Hence total number of host that can be addressed within a specific network is 2^32-n

example:

132.50.6.1/16

Then 132.50.0.0 is the Network Id

6.1 is the host part.

/16 us the network prefix which represent number of bits required to denote the network part.

Now this ipv4 addreses are divided into 5 broad classes named A,B,C,,D and E.each class a a definite range .The following table shows the range of the classes.

Class	Range	Network mask
A	0-127	255.0.0.0
B	128-191	255.255.0.0
C	192-223	255.255.255.0
D	224-239	255.0.0.0
E	240-247	255.0.0.0

Class	Use
A	Very large network
B	Medium network
C	small network
D	multicast
E	scuentific/experimental

Now in class A we require 8 bits for the network part and 32 and 24 bits for the host part.Its network prefix is /8 and in class B has 16 bits each for network and host part

Now in this cases Ip are wasted since 2²⁴ combinations can be possible abd so many host addresses wi be wasted since its quite impractical to have so many host.Hence to increase the network prefix we uses supernetting. Where as in class C there is a wastage of network Ids hence subnetting is used to increase the host part.