Question

4. Name one cause of high specific gravity in urine. (2 pts) Dehydraton Renal tubules become damaged if exposed to prolonged hypoxia. The tubule cells die longer able to perform their normal functions. Name one way this type of 5. and are no damage would be reflected in a urine sample. (2 pts) angiotensin II (ANG II) 6. If a patient is being treated with a vasoconstrictor such as a) How would this affect urine output? (2 pts) b) Explain how ANG II has this effect - include the specific type of cell that has the receptor in your answer. (2 pts) Becouse ns on vacoconstriesor 7. Name two distinct cell types that have receptors for antidiuretic hormone (ADH). (2 pts) 8. Explain why systemic edema is associated with kidney failure. (2 pts)

Answer 1

Question 4.

Dehydration.

Question 5.

• Glomerulonephritis.
• It mainly caused by infection , drugs , or congenital abnormalities.

Question 6.

A. Angiotensin II reduces the urine outout.

B. Angiotensin II act on adrenal gland release aldosterone .

Aldosterone cause Na+ and H2O reabsorption from distal tubule .

Angiotensin II also act on blood vessel cause vasoconstriction result in increase blood pressure.

Question 7.

1. Distal convoluted tubule .
2. Collecting duct.

Question 8.

• In kidney failure , damage to the tiny , filtering blood vessels in the kidneys can result in nephrotic syndrome .
• In nephrotic syndrome declining levels of protein in blood can lead to fluid accumulation and edema.
• ( protein is losed through urine )