Question

CASE 8 Unlocking the Secrets of the Apple iPhone in the Name of access the male San Bernardino suspect's iPhone 5c. Cook stated: Antiterrorism We are challenging the FBI's demands with the deepes respect for American democracy and a love of our country. We believe it would be in the best interest of everyone to step back and consider the implications While we believe the FBI's intentions are good, if would be wrong for the w e nt to force was to build a backdoor into our products and imately, we fear that this demand would undermine the very freedoms and liberty our government is meant to protect. THE SAN BERNARDINO MASSACRE On December 2, 2015, a married couple used auto- tic weapons to attack and kill 14 people during an love training event and holiday party at the Ioland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California One of the shooters was an employee of San Bernar- dino County, the sponsor of the event. Nine of the 14 tims died in an 85 x 50 foot conference room dur. ing an ambush. Three victims died just outside the building, and the remaining 2 victims died in a triage station that emergency responders had set up nearby. Twenty-two additional people were injured. Survi- vors identified the two shooters, who were killed by local police in a shootout later that day in the nearby town of Redlands. The male shooter had briefly attended the event, left, and returned with his wife to commit the attack. During a televised address from the Oval Office of the White House on Decem- ber 6, President Barack Obama declared the attack was a terrorist act. The next day, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began a counter-terrorism investigation On February 9, 2016, the FBI announced that they could not unlock the Apple iPhone 5c that belonged to the male suspect. The specific iPhone ran the iOS 9 operating system. The county of San Bernardino had previously purchased the phone for the suspect's use in his role as a county employee. The suspect also owned and used an Android phone that government investigators were able to access. The FBI was con- cerned that the male suspect's iPhone 5c might have additional data that would be useful in identifying any links the couple had to terrorist groups. The FBI asked Apple to create a new version of iOS that could unlock the phone and allow the FBI access to the phone's content. Apple was given until February APPLE IPHONE ENCRYPTION POLICIES Apple Inc. designs and manufactures the iPhone, one of the most popular lines of smartphones in the United States. Consumers use their iPhones to send and read messages, post to social media, and access apps. Apple's iPhones, as well as the iPad tablet com- puter, run an operating system called iOS. Competing models from Samsung, Motorola, and dozens of other manufacturers use Google's Android operating sys- tem. By 2015, smartphones had become the dominant product category in the U.S. wireless phone industry, surpassing a more limited category called feature phones that could run only a few specialized apps. Because smartphones also contained GPS technol- ogy, law enforcement officials can use the smartphone as a convenient means of determining where a suspect has been with whom the suspect communicated, and more. However, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are also tempting targets for hackers and criminals because users often store valuable data such as passwords, financial data, and other records. Encryption is used to protect data within these devices through a mathematical process that scram- bles or encrypts the data. Encryption is also used to protect data in transit: one example is HTTPS, a secure mode used in Web browsers. The data can be decrypted by providing appropriate credentials, such as passwords or cryptographic keys. The encrypted data is only as secure as the credentials themselves. 26 to comply. On February 16, 2016, Apple CEO Tim Cook released a public letter explaining why the com pany was not cooperating with Federal requests to SECURING AND ENCRYPTING DATA The iPhone 5c was a low-end model that Apple intro- duced in September 2013 for value-conscious custo- mers and emerging markets. This model was also a "This case was written by William A. Sodeman. University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), in 2016.

Answer 1

1.What has Apple’s motive in not giving the FBI access to the San Bernardino suspect’s IPhone? Is Apple genuinely interested in protecting consumers’privacy or in protecting its brand and products?

The F.B.I wanted Apple to help unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, but Apple was resisting. After the F.B.I said it had been unable to get access to the data on its own, the cooperation with Apple was necessary. The main reason why they objected was that they did not want to create a “backdoor” that helps to disable the feature that wipes the data on the phone after the 10 incorrect tries. Apple considered this backdoor “too dangerous to create” and looked at the government claim as a way of hacking their own users and damaging the security advancements they have done in the past decades.

2. What responsibility should device manufacturer like Apple have to assist in govt. Investigation?

1. Disable or bypass the auto-erase function of iOS. This erases your phone if too many wrong passwords are input. A commonly enabled setting on corporate phones — which the iPhone 5c owned by the government agency for which Farook worked — is.
2. Remove the delay on password inputs so that the FBI can ‘guess’ the passcode on the phone quicker, without it locking them out for minutes or hours, which is what iOS does to stop any random thief from doing this kind of thing. The inputs would be lowered to around 80 milliseconds, which would allow the password to be guessed in under an hour if it were 4 digits and significantly longer if it were more.
3. Allow the FBI to submit passcode via the physical port on the phone, or a wireless protocol like Bluetooth or WiFi.

3. Should Device manufacturers be compelled to unlock or decrypt devices under certain circumstances ?

Yes ! Device manufacturers should try to help as much possible as they can to save the integrity of a Nation & Protect it from the mass terrorism. They don't have to fully accept the demands of Govt. and implement in the devices but they can come forward as much early as they could to stop such kinds of Incident.
Yes, Protecting the privacy of their consumer must be put forward first but not on the cost mass lives.

4. Overall View on this Case :-

Apple’s CEO Tim Cook made a statement opposing the court’s order. He fears that following the command would “undermine the very freedoms and liberty which the government is meant to protect”.
The following case between FBI & Apple Device manufacturer where Govt. officials were fighting over complete surveillance over the citizens via their personal devices specially with the product of Apple brand on which the encryption & security system was too hard to crack. FBI asked Apple manufacturer to develop a programming software that could be installed and run in the phone's random access memory to disable certain security features that Apple refers to as "GovtOS". Apple declined due to its policy which required it to never undermine the security features of its products. As apple believes in protecting the privacy of its customer from all short of govt. officials as its by law given to each citizen that Right to be left alone.

The FBI and Apple spent weeks fighting and screaming at each other over a cell phone access & Privacy term. they even took the help of court to solve the matter but meanwhile the FBI won, cracking the iPhone access (with the help of some real hackers) belonging to one of the shooters & got the required data.