Question

• Describe benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of BPH.

Answer 1

Benign prostatic hypertrophy: A common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The enlarged prostate may compress the urinary tube (urethra), which courses through the center of the prostate, impeding the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside.

Pathogenesis:- Development of prostatic hyperplasia is an almost universal feature of the aging man and dog, and in both species the process develops only in males with intact testes. As the result of studies of plasma hormone levels as a function of age, measurements of the concentration of androgen and of androgen receptor proteins within the prostate, and studies of the effects of the administration of various hormones on growth of the prostate in the castrated dog, it is possible to provide a working hypothesis as to the pathogenesis.

Clinical manifestation:- Frequent or urgent need to urinate.

Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturia)

Difficulty starting urination.

Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts.

Dribbling at the end of urination.

Inability to completely empty the bladder.

Evaluation:Clinical evaluation to assess the presence and degree of voiding dysfunction and/or the role of BPH in its presence has an increasingly broad spectrum of treatment goals.

Treatment:Treatments include medication that relaxes or shrinks the prostate, surgery and minimally invasive surgery. Treatment options include medications and surgery. You and your doctor will consider several factors when you evaluate these choices. These factors include:

the size of your prostate

your age

your overall health

any other medical conditions