What is pass-by-value? Show the result of the following programs.(a)public class Test {pub...

What is pass-by-value? Show the result of the following programs.

(a)
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int max = 0;
max(1, 2, max);
System.out.println(max);
}
public static void max(
int value1, int value2, int max) {
if (value1 > value2)
max = value1;
else
max = value2;
}
}

(b)
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 6) {
method1(i, 2);
i++;
}
}
public static void method1(
int i, int num) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
num *= 2;
}
System.out.println();
}
}

(c)
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize times
int times = 3;
System.out.println("Before the call,"
+ " variable times is " + times);
// Invoke nPrintln and display times
nPrintln("Welcome to Java!", times);
System.out.println("After the call,"
+ " variable times is " + times);
}
// Print the message n times
public static void nPrintln(
String message, int n) {
while (n > 0) {
System.out.println("n = " + n);
System.out.println(message);
n--;
}
}
}

(d)
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 0;
while (i <= 4) {
method1(i);
i++;
}
System.out.println("i is " + i);
}
public static void method1(int i) {
do {
if (i % 3 != 0)
System.out.print(i + " ");
i--;
}
while (i >= 1);
System.out.println();
}
}