There is a prize hidden in a box; the value of the prize is a positive integer between 1 and N, and you are given N. To win the prize, you have to guess its value. Your goal is to do it in as few guesses as possible; however, among those guesses, you may only make at most g guesses that are too high. The value g will be specified at the start of the game, and if you make more than g guesses that are too high, you lose. So, for example, if g = 0, you then can win in N guesses by simply guessing the sequence 1, 2, 3, . . ..
a. Suppose g = ⌈logN⌉. What strategy minimizes the number of guesses?
b. Suppose g = 1. Show that you can always win in O( N1/2 ) guesses.
c. Suppose g = 1. Show that any algorithm that wins the prize must use Ω( N1/2 ) guesses.
*d. Give an algorithm and matching lower bound for any constant g.
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