Question

complete the lewis structures of the atoms and ions by adding electrons, as needed.

a) Li

B) Na

C) Na+

D) F-

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

The concept used in solving this problem is the formation of bonds amongst the atoms and the possible electron lone pairs of a molecule, which forms Lewis structures. The excess number of electrons that helps in the formation of lone pairs can be represented as the pairs of dots, thus, can be placed next to an atom.

Fundamentals

Lewis structures are also known as Lewis dot structures, formulas or diagrams. They are the diagrams that are used to define a bond between the lone pair of electrons and the atoms that are present in a molecule. The chemical symbol of a molecule is used in the Lewis structure to represent the atoms and their positions in a molecule.

Part a

A chemical element having the atomic number three and symbol is known as lithium. It consists of only one valence electron, which can be given easily thereby forming a cation. Lithium has its wide industrial applications.

Lithium falls in Group one of the periodic table, which means it has one valence electron. When the Lewis structure of lithium has been drawn, a single dot is put next to the symbol of lithium, which represents its one valence electron. Thus, one electron in the outer orbital of lithium can complete its Lewis structure. The Lewis structure of lithium is shown below:

.

Sodium falls in Group one of the periodic table, which means it has one valence electron. When the Lewis structure of sodium has been drawn, a single dot is put next to the symbol of sodium, which represents its one valence electron. Thus, one electron in the outer orbital of sodium can complete its Lewis structure. The Lewis structure of sodium is shown below:

Sodium falls in Group one of the periodic table, which means it has one valence electron. This electron is donated thereby forming the cation of sodium,. This form of sodium defines that it has lost its electron. Sodium has only one electron to begin and losing of that electron makes its Lewis structure without any dots. Thus, the absence of electrons in the outer most orbital completes its Lewis structure.

Fluorine falls in Group seven of the periodic table, which means it has seven valence electrons. The formation of fluoride occurs through the reduction of fluorine atom. The negative charge defines that it requires eight electrons in its outer most orbital to complete its Lewis structure. Thus, eight electrons in the outer orbital of completing its Lewis structure can be shown as:

Ans: Part a

The complete Lewis structure of lithium is:

Part b

The complete Lewis structure of sodium is:

Part c

The complete Lewis structure of sodium is:

Part d

The complete Lewis structure of fluorine is: