Question

1. Pick an endocrine disorder. 2. Discuss the following: a. Pathophysiology b. Signs & Symptoms c. Diagnostics needed for confirmation d. Treatment/Management 3. Is this condition/disorder age or gender-specific?

Answer 1

1.There are many abnormalities of endocrine disorders , among them Hyperthyroidism is also one of the disorder.

Hyperthyroidism: Increased production Thyroxine hormone by thyroid gland is considered as Hyperthyroidism.

2.a. Pathophysiology : Hyperthyroidism is because of alteration in the production of T3 Triiodothyroxine and T4 Thyroxine hormones.
Due to the radiological factors such as excessive intake of thyroid hormones Abnormal production/Graves disease/ Excessive iodine intake/dysfunctionality of thyroid gland. Increased sympathetic activity of nervous system Increased metabolic rate by thyroid gland. Altered secretion of hormones by Pituitary and also gonadal organs Excessive production of T4 Thyroxine and Alteration in T3 Trioiodo thyroxine HYPERTHYROIDISM
Signs and Symptoms :

• Enlargement of the thyroid gland
• Restlessnes
• Irritability
• Protruded eyes
• Increased sweating
• Insomnia
• Lack of appetite
• Thyrotoxicosis, a state where excessive Thyroxine secretion causes toxicity of the body

C.Diagnostic Evaluation

• Blood tests for TSH levels for Thyroxine and other thyroid hormones
• Radioactive iodine uptake and scans.

D.​​​​​​​Treatment and Management

• Antithyroid medications both T3 and T4 according to the requirements
• Radioactive iodine uptake inhibitors
• In Thyrotoxicosis thyroidectomy is necessary.

3. ​​​​​​​Is hyperthyroidism age specific or gender specific , This is because of age which is greater than 60 years , which is also common among middle age groups.