Question

Select and apply two social, cultural, or environmental theories to Diabetes. Identify at least two theories or frameworks that can be used to explain Diabetes.

Answer 1

Environmental theory of Diabetes:

• Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is hypothesized to be interact of environmental,biological and behavioral risk factors. Behavioral,healthy life style and educational interventions may be significantly diminished ineffective in such non enabling environment.
• Socioeconomic,demographic and behavioral factors are important predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Environmental and health outcomes closely related to diabetes mellitus such as obesity,cardiovascular diseases,hypertension,metabolic syndrome and physical activity.

Frame work:

Environmental determinant	Risk factors	Intermediate outcome	Primary outcome
Health services	Physical activity
Physical activity	Unhealthy diet	Obesity
Safety/Violence	Stress	Hypertension	Diabetes mellitus
Amenities	Disturbed sleep	Blood lipid level
Walk ability	Social isolation
Area condition	Air/sound pollution
Public Transport	Traffic

• Environmental characteristics hypothesised can increase exposure to risk factors of DM by enhancing behavioral,psychosocial and physical stressors.
• Crime, social and unsafe neighbourhood may inhibit physical activity where as strong social network,safety,green space and pleasant scenery in a neighbourhood can improve mental health and counter related adverse effects.
• Social activities can also be diminished in sprawling area owning to heavy reliance on cars and travel more time.

Social-Cultural theory:

Social determinants of health care in which individual are born,grow,live,work.Increase of social factors are being recognizes for their relationship to the soaring incidence of diabetes.Intervention mainly focus on biologic and behavioral factors such as symptoms,diet and physical activity.It is important to influence of physical and social environment which may include low income and poor living conditions on health outcomes.These factors can develop diabetes.